Judges 9:43

So he took his men, divided them into three companies, and lay in wait in the fields. When he saw the people coming out of the city, he rose up against them and attacked them.

Study Bible

So he took his men
This phrase indicates decisive leadership and action. The Hebrew root for "took" (לָקַח, laqach) often implies taking possession or control, suggesting Abimelech's authoritative command over his forces. Historically, this reflects the common practice of ancient Near Eastern warfare, where leaders would personally lead their troops into battle, emphasizing the personal responsibility and initiative of Abimelech in this narrative.

divided them into three companies
The strategic division into "three companies" (שָׁלֹשׁ, shalosh) demonstrates military acumen. The number three often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection in biblical literature, though here it is more likely a tactical decision. This division allowed for a multifaceted attack, a common military strategy in ancient warfare, enhancing the element of surprise and maximizing the effectiveness of his forces.

and lay in wait in the fields
The phrase "lay in wait" (אָרַב, arab) suggests a calculated ambush, a tactic frequently employed in ancient battles. The fields provided cover and concealment, essential for a surprise attack. This reflects the cunning and patience required in warfare, as well as the moral ambiguity of Abimelech's actions, which are often seen as ruthless and self-serving in the broader narrative of Judges.

When he saw the people coming out of the city
The act of "seeing" (רָאָה, ra'ah) here is not just physical sight but implies perception and understanding of the opportune moment to strike. The people "coming out of the city" were likely unsuspecting, highlighting their vulnerability and the predatory nature of Abimelech's attack. This moment underscores the theme of vigilance and the consequences of complacency.

he rose up against them
The phrase "rose up" (קוּם, qum) conveys a sudden and decisive action. It signifies readiness and the transition from passive waiting to active engagement. This action is emblematic of the swift and often brutal justice or retribution that characterizes much of the narrative in Judges, where leaders rise to confront threats or seize power.

and attacked them
The word "attacked" (נָכָה, nakah) implies a violent confrontation. This term is frequently used in the Old Testament to describe military engagements and divine judgments. The attack reflects Abimelech's aggressive pursuit of power and control, a recurring theme in his story, which ultimately leads to his downfall. This serves as a cautionary tale about the destructive nature of unchecked ambition and violence.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abimelech
The son of Gideon (also known as Jerubbaal), who sought to establish himself as king over Shechem and its surrounding areas. His ambition and ruthlessness are central to this account.

2. Shechem
An ancient city in the hill country of Ephraim, significant in Israel's history. It was a place of covenant renewal and later became a site of conflict under Abimelech's rule.

3. The Ambush
Abimelech's strategic military maneuver to attack the people of Shechem. This event highlights his cunning and willingness to use deceit to achieve his goals.

4. The Three Companies
Abimelech's division of his forces into three groups to effectively carry out the ambush. This tactic is reminiscent of Gideon's strategy against the Midianites.

5. The People of Shechem
The inhabitants of the city who initially supported Abimelech but later turned against him, leading to this conflict.

Teaching Points

The Dangers of Ambition
Abimelech's account warns against unchecked ambition and the pursuit of power at any cost. Believers are encouraged to seek God's will rather than personal gain.

Strategic Planning vs. Divine Guidance
While strategic planning is valuable, it should not replace seeking God's guidance. Abimelech's reliance on human tactics contrasts with Gideon's reliance on God.

The Consequences of Betrayal
Abimelech's betrayal of Shechem and their subsequent betrayal of him illustrate the destructive cycle of treachery. Christians are called to integrity and faithfulness.

God's Sovereignty in Human Affairs
Despite human schemes, God's purposes prevail. Abimelech's account reminds us that God is ultimately in control, even when human actions seem dominant.

The Importance of Community Loyalty
The conflict between Abimelech and Shechem underscores the importance of loyalty and unity within a community of believers.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Abimelech's ambition compare to the biblical call for humility and servanthood? Reflect on Philippians 2:3-4 in your response.

2. In what ways can strategic planning be beneficial in our lives, and how can we ensure it aligns with God's will? Consider James 4:13-15.

3. What lessons can we learn from the betrayal between Abimelech and the people of Shechem about maintaining trust and integrity in our relationships?

4. How does the account of Abimelech illustrate the principle that "pride goes before destruction"? Reflect on a personal experience where pride led to negative consequences.

5. In what ways can we see God's sovereignty at work in the account of Abimelech, and how can this understanding impact our trust in God's plan for our lives? Consider Romans 8:28.

Connections to Other Scriptures

Gideon's Victory over the Midianites (Judges 7)
Abimelech's division of his men into three companies mirrors Gideon's strategy, though Abimelech's motives are self-serving rather than divinely inspired.

Proverbs 16:18
This verse speaks to the theme of pride leading to destruction, which is evident in Abimelech's account as his ambition ultimately leads to his downfall.

1 Samuel 15:23
The rebellion against God and the consequences of disobedience are themes that resonate with Abimelech's actions and their outcomes.