Joshua 12:4

And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei.

Study Bible

And Og king of Bashan
The mention of "Og king of Bashan" introduces us to a formidable opponent of Israel. Og was a giant, a remnant of the Rephaim, which signifies his extraordinary stature and strength. The Hebrew root for "Og" (עוֹג) is associated with a round or circular shape, possibly alluding to his might and the completeness of his reign. Bashan, a fertile region east of the Jordan River, was known for its rich pastures and strong cities. Historically, Bashan was a land of giants, and Og's rule over it underscores his power and the challenge he posed to the Israelites. This phrase reminds us of God's sovereignty in delivering His people from seemingly insurmountable foes.

one of the remnant of the Rephaim
The "Rephaim" were an ancient race of giants mentioned several times in the Old Testament. The Hebrew word "Rephaim" (רְפָאִים) is often associated with the dead or shades, but in this context, it refers to a group of mighty warriors or giants. The term "remnant" indicates that Og was among the last of these giants, emphasizing the significance of his defeat. This phrase highlights the miraculous nature of Israel's victories, as they overcame not just ordinary enemies but legendary giants, showcasing God's power and faithfulness to His promises.

who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei
"Ashtaroth" and "Edrei" were significant cities in Og's kingdom. Ashtaroth, possibly named after the Canaanite goddess Astarte, was a center of pagan worship, indicating the spiritual darkness of the region. The Hebrew root for Ashtaroth (עַשְׁתָּרוֹת) suggests fertility and increase, reflecting the city's cultural and religious importance. Edrei, on the other hand, was a fortified city, symbolizing strength and defense. The mention of these cities underscores the strategic and spiritual victory achieved by Israel. It serves as a reminder that God's people are called to overcome not only physical but also spiritual strongholds, relying on His strength and guidance.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Og, King of Bashan
Og was a formidable king, described as one of the last of the Rephaim, a group of ancient giants. His defeat by the Israelites under Moses' leadership is a testament to God's power and faithfulness to His promises.

2. Bashan
A fertile region east of the Jordan River, known for its strong cities and mighty warriors. It was part of the land promised to the Israelites.

3. Rephaim
A term used to describe a group of ancient giants. The Rephaim were considered powerful and intimidating, yet they were defeated by the Israelites, demonstrating God's sovereignty.

4. Ashtaroth
A city in Bashan, associated with the worship of the Canaanite goddess Astarte. It was one of the royal cities of Og.

5. Edrei
Another significant city in Bashan, where Og was defeated by the Israelites. It symbolizes the victory of God's people over seemingly insurmountable odds.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Giants
Just as God delivered Og into the hands of the Israelites, He is sovereign over the "giants" in our lives. We can trust Him to overcome obstacles that seem insurmountable.

Faith in God's Promises
The defeat of Og is a reminder that God is faithful to His promises. We are called to trust in His word and His timing, even when facing daunting challenges.

Spiritual Warfare
The battle against Og symbolizes the spiritual battles we face. We must rely on God's strength and guidance to overcome spiritual adversaries.

Victory Through Obedience
The Israelites' victory was contingent on their obedience to God's commands. Our spiritual victories often require us to follow God's instructions faithfully.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the defeat of Og, king of Bashan, demonstrate God's power and faithfulness to His people?

2. In what ways can the account of Og's defeat encourage us when facing our own "giants" or challenges in life?

3. How does the concept of the Rephaim as giants relate to the spiritual battles we face today?

4. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' obedience in the battle against Og that can be applied to our daily walk with God?

5. How do the victories over kings like Og in the Old Testament foreshadow the ultimate victory we have in Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 3:1-11
This passage provides a detailed account of the battle against Og and the victory God granted to the Israelites. It highlights God's command to not fear, as He would deliver Og into their hands.

Psalm 135:10-12
These verses celebrate God's mighty acts in defeating kings like Og and giving their lands to Israel as an inheritance, emphasizing God's faithfulness.

Numbers 21:33-35
This passage recounts the Israelites' journey and their encounter with Og, reinforcing the theme of God's deliverance and provision.