Isaiah 58:3
"Why have we fasted, and You have not seen? Why have we humbled ourselves, and You have not noticed?" "Behold, on the day of your fast, you do as you please, and you oppress all your workers.
Why have we fasted
This phrase begins with a question that reflects the people's confusion and frustration. The Hebrew root for "fasted" is "צוּם" (tsum), which means to abstain from food as a religious observance. Historically, fasting was a common practice among the Israelites, often associated with repentance, mourning, or seeking God's favor. The people are questioning why their religious observance seems to go unnoticed by God, indicating a disconnect between their external rituals and internal spiritual state.

and You have not seen?
Here, the people express their perception that God has not acknowledged their fasting. The Hebrew word for "seen" is "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which implies not just physical sight but also understanding and acknowledgment. This reflects a deeper issue where the people expect a transactional relationship with God, where their outward acts should automatically result in divine attention and blessing.

Why have we humbled ourselves
The phrase "humbled ourselves" comes from the Hebrew "עָנָה" (anah), meaning to afflict or humble oneself. This is often associated with fasting and penitence. The people believe they have performed the necessary acts of humility, yet they fail to see the desired response from God. This highlights a misunderstanding of true humility, which is not merely an outward act but an inward posture of the heart.

and You have not noticed?
The word "noticed" in Hebrew is "יָדַע" (yada), which means to know or acknowledge. The people feel ignored by God, suggesting that their understanding of divine interaction is based on visible and immediate results. This reflects a superficial approach to spirituality, where the focus is on external validation rather than genuine transformation.

Behold, on the day of your fast
The word "Behold" is a call to attention, urging the listeners to consider their actions carefully. The phrase "the day of your fast" indicates a specific time set aside for religious observance. However, the emphasis on "your fast" suggests a possessive and perhaps self-centered approach, where the fast is more about the people's agenda than aligning with God's will.

you do as you please
This phrase reveals the heart of the issue: the people's fasting is self-serving. The Hebrew root for "please" is "חָפֵץ" (chaphets), meaning to delight or take pleasure in. Instead of seeking God's pleasure, the people pursue their own interests, undermining the purpose of fasting as a means of drawing closer to God and aligning with His desires.

and you oppress all your workers
The word "oppress" comes from the Hebrew "נָגַשׂ" (nagas), meaning to drive or press. This indicates exploitation and injustice, highlighting a stark contrast between the people's religious rituals and their unethical behavior. The mention of "all your workers" underscores the widespread nature of this injustice. This serves as a powerful reminder that true fasting and humility before God must be accompanied by righteous living and justice towards others.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Isaiah
A major prophet in the Old Testament, Isaiah is the author of the book that bears his name. He prophesied to the Kingdom of Judah during a time of moral and spiritual decline.

2. The People of Israel
The audience of Isaiah's message, they are depicted as engaging in religious practices like fasting but failing to live righteously.

3. Fasting
A religious practice intended to humble oneself before God, often associated with repentance and seeking divine favor.

4. Oppression of Workers
The specific sin highlighted in this verse, where the people are accused of exploiting their workers even while engaging in religious rituals.

5. God
The ultimate judge and observer of human actions, who sees beyond outward religious practices to the heart and actions of individuals.
Teaching Points
True Fasting and Worship
Fasting and other religious practices should be accompanied by genuine repentance and righteous living. God desires a heart that seeks justice and mercy.

Hypocrisy in Worship
Engaging in religious rituals while living in sin is hypocritical. God sees beyond our actions to our intentions and the state of our hearts.

Social Justice and Faith
Our faith should manifest in how we treat others, especially those who are vulnerable or under our authority. Oppression and exploitation are contrary to God's will.

Self-Examination
Regularly examine your motives and actions in light of God's Word. Are your religious practices aligned with a life of integrity and compassion?

God's Awareness and Response
God is aware of our actions and the sincerity of our worship. He responds not to the outward show but to the genuine devotion and righteousness of our lives.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Isaiah 58:3 challenge us to examine the sincerity of our religious practices today?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our acts of worship, like fasting, are accompanied by justice and righteousness in our daily lives?

3. How does the message of Isaiah 58:3 relate to Jesus' teachings on fasting in the New Testament?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to avoid the hypocrisy condemned in Isaiah 58:3?

5. How can we apply the principles of true worship and social justice in our communities and workplaces?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Matthew 6:16-18
Jesus teaches about fasting, emphasizing sincerity and the importance of the heart's condition over outward appearances.

Amos 5:21-24
God expresses disdain for empty religious rituals when justice and righteousness are neglected.

James 1:27
True religion is defined as caring for orphans and widows and keeping oneself unstained by the world, highlighting the importance of righteous living.
Conviction Before ComfortIsaiah 58:1-4
Cry AloudJ. A. Alexander.Isaiah 58:1-4
National Sins Protested AgainstR. Shittier.Isaiah 58:1-4
Selfish PietyHomilistIsaiah 58:1-4
The Minister Must be FaithfulIsaiah 58:1-4
Religion: its Semblance, its Substance, its RewardW.M. Statham Isaiah 58:1-12
True and Spurious FastingE. Johnson Isaiah 58:1-12
Selfishness Spoiling Religious HabitsR. Tuck Isaiah 58:3, 4
FastingBp. Talbot.Isaiah 58:3-7
FastsProf. S. R. Driver, D. D.Isaiah 58:3-7
Incipient PharisaismProf. J. Skinner, D. D.Isaiah 58:3-7
Ye Fast for StrifeJ. A. Alexander.Isaiah 58:3-7
People
Isaiah, Jacob
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Afflicted, Behold, Business, Chance, Debts, Desire, Drive, Exact, Exploit, Fast, Fasted, Fasting, Hast, Humbled, Kept, Labors, Labours, Note, Notice, Noticed, Oppress, Ourselves, Please, Pleaseth, Pleasure, Pursue, Seek, Seest, Soul, Takest, Wherefore, Workers, Yet
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 58:3

     5404   masters
     8791   oppression, nature of

Isaiah 58:1-7

     8432   fasting, practice

Isaiah 58:1-9

     8160   seeking God

Isaiah 58:2-7

     5943   self-deception

Isaiah 58:3-7

     5773   abstinence, discipline
     5794   asceticism

Library
June 17. "The Glory of the Lord Shall be Thy Reward" (Isa. Lviii. 8).
"The glory of the Lord shall be thy reward" (Isa. lviii. 8). He comes by our side as our helper; nay, more. He comes to dwell within us; to be the life in our blood, the fire in our thought, the faith within us, both in inception and consummation. Thus He becomes not only the recompense of the victor, but the resources of the victory. He is the Captain and the Overcomer in our lives. If we have caught any help that has relieved us of a troubled morning, it has been of Him. He lifts our eyes up unto
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

Spiritual Growth
Thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring whose waters fail not.' (Isaiah lviii. 11.) 'Grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.' (2 Peter iii. 18.) The truths of the Bible exist in counterpart, having at least two aspects, each of which must be considered in relation to the other, if their full meaning is to be understood. That is a very necessary statement in regard to the aspect of truth which we emphasize under the general heading of 'Spiritual
T. H. Howard—Standards of Life and Service

Prayer Essential to God
"Then shalt thou call, and the Lord shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. 14th verse: Then shalt thou delight thyself in the Lord; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it."--Isaiah 58:9. It must never be forgotten that Almighty God rules this world. He is not an absentee God. His hand is ever on the throttle of human affairs. He is everywhere present in the concerns
Edward M. Bounds—The Weapon of Prayer

From his Entrance on the Ministry in 1815, to his Commission to Reside in Germany in 1820
1815.--After the long season of depression through which John Yeardley passed, as described in the last chapter, the new year of 1815 dawned with brightness upon his mind. He now at length saw his spiritual bonds loosed; and the extracts which follow describe his first offerings in the ministry in a simple and affecting manner. 1 mo. 5.--The subject of the prophet's going down to the potter's house opened so clearly on my mind in meeting this morning that I thought I could almost have publicly
John Yeardley—Memoir and Diary of John Yeardley, Minister of the Gospel

Attributes of Love.
8. Efficiency is another attribute or characteristic of benevolence. Benevolence consists in choice, intention. Now we know from consciousness that choice or intention constitutes the mind's deepest source or power of action. If I honestly intend a thing, I cannot but make efforts to accomplish that which I intend, provided that I believe the thing possible. If I choose an end, this choice must and will energize to secure its end. When benevolence is the supreme choice, preference, or intention of
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Evidences of Regeneration.
I. Introductory remarks. 1. In ascertaining what are, and what are not, evidences of regeneration, we must constantly keep in mind what is not, and what is regeneration; what is not, and what is implied in it. 2. We must constantly recognize the fact, that saints and sinners have precisely similar constitutions and constitutional susceptibilities, and therefore that many things are common to both. What is common to both cannot, of course, he an evidence of regeneration. 3. That no state of the sensibility
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Epistle xxxiv. To Venantius, Ex-Monk, Patrician of Syracuse .
To Venantius, Ex-Monk, Patrician of Syracuse [1331] . Gregory to Venantius, &c. Many foolish men have supposed that, if I were advanced to the rank of the episcopate, I should decline to address thee, or to keep up communication with thee by letter. But this is not so; since I am compelled by the very necessity of my position not to hold my peace. For it is written, Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet (Isai. lviii. 1). And again it is written, I have given thee for a watchman
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

A Summary of the Christian Life. Of Self-Denial.
1. Consideration of the second general division in regard to the Christian life. Its beginning and sum. A twofold respect. 1. We are not our own. Respect to both the fruit and the use. Unknown to philosophers, who have placed reason on the throne of the Holy Spirit. 2. Since we are not our own, we must seek the glory of God, and obey his will. Self-denial recommended to the disciples of Christ. He who neglects it, deceived either by pride or hypocrisy, rushes on destruction. 3. Three things to be
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Entire Sanctification as Taught by John.
John, before Pentecost, was emphatically a Son of Thunder. He could forbid a man to cast out devils in the name of Jesus, because the man was not of his own particular fold. He was ready to imitate Elijah by calling down fire from heaven to destroy the Samaritans who would not extend the rites of hospitality to his Master. He was eager to have the highest possible place in the coming kingdom of his Lord, and this at whatever cost. But after Pentecost, John was par excellence the apostle of love.
Dougan Clark—The Theology of Holiness

What Manner of Man Ought to Come to Rule.
That man, therefore, ought by all means to be drawn with cords to be an example of good living who already lives spiritually, dying to all passions of the flesh; who disregards worldly prosperity; who is afraid of no adversity; who desires only inward wealth; whose intention the body, in good accord with it, thwarts not at all by its frailness, nor the spirit greatly by its disdain: one who is not led to covet the things of others, but gives freely of his own; who through the bowels of compassion
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

At a Public Fast in July, First Sabbath, 1650. (257)
At A Public Fast In July, First Sabbath, 1650.(257) Deut. xxxii. 4-7.--"He is the Rock, his work is perfect, for all his ways are judgment," &c. There are two things which may comprehend all religion,--the knowledge of God and of ourselves. These are the principles of religion, and are so nearly conjoined together, that the one cannot be truly without the other, much less savingly. It is no wonder that Moses craved attention, and that, to the end he may attain it from an hard hearted deaf people,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

How to Make Use of Christ as the Truth, when Error Prevaileth, and the Spirit of Error Carrieth Many Away.
There is a time when the spirit of error is going abroad, and truth is questioned, and many are led away with delusions. For Satan can change himself into an angel of light, and make many great and fairlike pretensions to holiness, and under that pretext usher in untruths, and gain the consent of many unto them; so that in such a time of temptation many are stolen off their feet, and made to depart from the right ways of God, and to embrace error and delusions instead of truth. Now the question is,
John Brown (of Wamphray)—Christ The Way, The Truth, and The Life

Cæsarius of Arles.
He was born in the district of Chalons-sur-Saone, A. D. 470. He seems to have been early awakened, by a pious education, to vital Christianity. When he was between seven and eight years old, it would often happen that he would give a portion of his clothes to the poor whom he met, and would say, when he came home, that he had been, constrained to do so. When yet a youth, he entered the celebrated convent on the island of Lerins, (Lerina,) in Provence, from which a spirit of deep and practical piety
Augustus Neander—Light in the Dark Places

Epistle v. To Theoctista, Sister of the Emperor.
To Theoctista, Sister of the Emperor. Gregory to Theoctista, &c. With how great devotion my mind prostrates itself before your Venerableness I cannot fully express in words; nor yet do I labour to give utterance to it, since, even though I were silent, you read in your heart your own sense of my devotion. I wonder, however, that you withdrew your countenance, till of late bestowed on me, from this my recent engagement in the pastoral office; wherein, under colour of episcopacy, I have been brought
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

How to Make Use of Christ for Steadfastness, in a Time when Truth is Oppressed and Borne Down.
When enemies are prevailing, and the way of truth is evil spoken of, many faint, and many turn aside, and do not plead for truth, nor stand up for the interest of Christ, in their hour and power of darkness: many are overcome with base fear, and either side with the workers of iniquity, or are not valiant for the truth, but being faint-hearted, turn back. Now the thoughts of this may put some who desire to stand fast, and to own him and his cause in a day of trial, to enquire how they shall make
John Brown (of Wamphray)—Christ The Way, The Truth, and The Life

The First Galilean Ministry.
The visit to Nazareth was in many respects decisive. It presented by anticipation an epitome of the history of the Christ. He came to His own, and His own received Him not. The first time He taught in the Synagogue, as the first time He taught in the Temple, they cast Him out. On the one and the other occasion, they questioned His authority, and they asked for a sign.' In both instances, the power which they challenged was, indeed, claimed by Christ, but its display, in the manner which they expected,
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Putting God to Work
"For from of old men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen a God beside thee who worketh for him that waiteth for him."--Isaiah 64:4. The assertion voiced in the title given this chapter is but another way of declaring that God has of His own motion placed Himself under the law of prayer, and has obligated Himself to answer the prayers of men. He has ordained prayer as a means whereby He will do things through men as they pray, which He would not otherwise do. Prayer
Edward M. Bounds—The Weapon of Prayer

Jeremiah, a Lesson for the Disappointed.
"Be not afraid of their faces: for I am with thee to deliver thee, saith the Lord."--Jeremiah i. 8. The Prophets were ever ungratefully treated by the Israelites, they were resisted, their warnings neglected, their good services forgotten. But there was this difference between the earlier and the later Prophets; the earlier lived and died in honour among their people,--in outward honour; though hated and thwarted by the wicked, they were exalted to high places, and ruled in the congregation.
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

In the Temple at the Feast of Tabernacles.
(October, a.d. 29.) ^D John VII. 11-52. ^d 11 The Jews therefore sought him at the feast, and said, Where is he? [It was now eighteen months since Jesus had visited Jerusalem, at which time he had healed the impotent man at Bethesda. His fame and prolonged obscurity made his enemies anxious for him to again expose himself in their midst. John here used the word "Jews" as a designation for the Jerusalemites, who, as enemies of Christ, were to be distinguished from the multitudes who were in doubt
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Regeneration by Faith. Of Repentance.
1. Connection of this chapter with the previous one and the subsequent chapters. Repentance follows faith, and is produced by it. Reason. Error of those who take a contrary view. 2. Their First Objection. Answer. In what sense the origin of Repentance ascribed to Faith. Cause of the erroneous idea that faith is produced by repentance. Refutation of it. The hypocrisy of Monks and Anabaptists in assigning limits to repentance exposed. 3. A second opinion concerning repentance considered. 4. A third
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

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