Genesis 38:4

Again she conceived and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan.

Study Bible

Again she conceived
The phrase "again she conceived" indicates a continuation of the narrative of Judah's family line. The Hebrew root for "conceived" is "הרה" (harah), which signifies the beginning of life and the fulfillment of God's command to "be fruitful and multiply" (Genesis 1:28). This phrase underscores the importance of lineage and the perpetuation of family heritage, which is a recurring theme in the Bible. It reflects God's providence and the unfolding of His divine plan through human generations.

and gave birth to a son
The act of giving birth is a significant event in biblical narratives, often marking the continuation of a covenantal promise. The Hebrew word for "gave birth" is "ילד" (yalad), which is frequently used in genealogical records to trace the lineage of key biblical figures. This phrase highlights the blessing of children as a gift from God and the hope for the future they represent. In the context of Judah's family, each birth is a step in the unfolding account of the Israelite people.

and she named him Onan
Naming in the Bible often carries deep significance, reflecting character, destiny, or circumstances surrounding a birth. The name "Onan" is derived from the Hebrew root "און" (on), which can mean "vigorous" or "strong." However, Onan's later actions in the narrative reveal a complexity that contrasts with the potential positive connotations of his name. This highlights a biblical theme where names can foreshadow or contrast with a person's life choices and character. The act of naming by the mother also emphasizes the maternal role in shaping identity and legacy within the family structure.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Tamar
The wife of Judah's son Er, who later becomes the mother of Onan's brother.

2. Judah
One of the twelve sons of Jacob, who is the father of Er, Onan, and Shelah.

3. Onan
The second son of Judah and Shua's daughter, who plays a significant role in the events that follow.

4. Shua's Daughter
The unnamed wife of Judah, who is the mother of Er, Onan, and Shelah.

5. Canaan
The region where these events take place, significant in the broader account of the Israelites.

Teaching Points

Understanding Family Duty
The account of Onan highlights the importance of family responsibilities and the cultural expectations of the time. In today's context, it encourages us to consider our obligations to family and community.

Consequences of Disobedience
Onan's actions later in the chapter demonstrate the consequences of failing to fulfill one's duties. This serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience to God's commands.

God's Sovereignty in Lineage
Despite human failings, God's plan for the lineage of Judah continues, ultimately leading to the birth of Jesus. This teaches us about God's sovereignty and faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.

Moral Integrity
The account invites reflection on personal integrity and the importance of aligning actions with God's will, even when cultural norms may differ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural practice of Levirate marriage in Genesis 38:4 relate to the responsibilities we have towards our family today?

2. What can we learn from the consequences faced by Onan about the importance of fulfilling our duties?

3. How does the inclusion of Tamar and her descendants in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:3) demonstrate God's redemptive plan?

4. In what ways does the account of Judah and his sons challenge us to consider our own moral integrity and obedience to God?

5. How can we see God's sovereignty at work in the events of Genesis 38, and how does this encourage us in our personal faith journey?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-10
This passage outlines the Levirate marriage law, which is relevant to the account of Onan and his duty to his brother's widow, Tamar.

Matthew 1:3
This genealogy of Jesus includes Perez, the son of Tamar and Judah, highlighting the significance of this family line.

1 Chronicles 2:3-4
Chronicles the lineage of Judah, including his sons Er, Onan, and Shelah, providing a broader context for their family history.