Galatians 5:20

idolatry and sorcery; hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage; rivalries, divisions, factions,

Study Bible

Idolatry
The Greek word used here is "eidololatria," which refers to the worship of false gods or the excessive devotion to anything that takes the place of God in one's life. In the historical context of the early church, idolatry was a significant issue as many converts came from pagan backgrounds where idol worship was prevalent. From a conservative Christian perspective, idolatry is not limited to physical idols but extends to anything that becomes more important than God, such as money, power, or even relationships. It is a call to examine our hearts and ensure that God remains the central focus of our worship and devotion.

Sorcery
The Greek term "pharmakeia" is used here, which is related to the use of drugs or potions in magical practices. In the ancient world, sorcery was often associated with attempts to manipulate spiritual forces through occult practices. For the early Christians, this was a direct affront to the sovereignty of God, as it involved seeking power or knowledge apart from Him. In a modern context, this can be seen as a warning against engaging in any practices that seek to control or predict the future outside of God's will, emphasizing the importance of trusting in God's plan and timing.

Hatred
The word "echthra" in Greek signifies enmity or hostility. This term reflects a deep-seated animosity that can lead to conflict and division. In the scriptural context, hatred is the antithesis of the love that Christians are called to exhibit. Jesus taught that love for one's neighbor is a fundamental commandment, and thus, harboring hatred is a serious sin that disrupts the unity and peace within the body of Christ. It serves as a reminder to cultivate forgiveness and reconciliation in our relationships.

Discord
The Greek word "eris" refers to strife or contention. Discord arises when individuals or groups are in conflict, often due to pride or selfish ambition. In the early church, discord could threaten the unity and mission of the Christian community. From a conservative viewpoint, believers are encouraged to pursue peace and unity, reflecting the harmony that should exist among those who are in Christ. This involves humility, patience, and a willingness to listen and understand others.

Jealousy
The term "zelos" in Greek can have both positive and negative connotations, but here it refers to an envious or covetous attitude. Jealousy often stems from insecurity or a lack of contentment with what God has provided. In the biblical narrative, jealousy has led to destructive actions, such as Cain's murder of Abel. Christians are called to be content and to rejoice in the blessings of others, trusting that God provides for each according to His perfect will.

Rage
The Greek word "thumos" denotes a passionate outburst of anger. Rage is a loss of self-control that can lead to harmful words and actions. In the context of Christian living, rage is contrary to the fruit of the Spirit, which includes self-control and gentleness. Believers are encouraged to manage their emotions and respond to situations with grace and patience, reflecting the character of Christ.

Rivalries
The term "eritheia" in Greek refers to selfish ambition or a desire to promote oneself at the expense of others. Rivalries can lead to competition and division within the church, undermining the unity that believers are called to maintain. From a conservative Christian perspective, the focus should be on serving others and seeking the common good, rather than pursuing personal gain or recognition.

Divisions
The Greek word "dichostasia" signifies dissension or division. Divisions within the church can arise from doctrinal disagreements, personal conflicts, or cultural differences. The early church faced many such challenges, and the apostles consistently urged believers to strive for unity in the faith. Christians today are called to work towards reconciliation and to uphold the truth in love, fostering a spirit of unity and cooperation.

Factions
The term "hairesis" in Greek originally meant a choice or opinion but came to refer to sects or groups that cause division. Factions can lead to a fragmented church, where loyalty to a particular group or leader supersedes commitment to Christ and His teachings. From a conservative standpoint, believers are encouraged to focus on the core truths of the gospel and to avoid divisive issues that detract from the mission of the church. Unity in Christ should be the ultimate goal, transcending personal preferences or secondary matters.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the letter to the Galatians, addressing the churches in Galatia about living by the Spirit and not by the flesh.

2. Galatia
A region in modern-day Turkey where the early Christian communities were located. Paul wrote to them to correct false teachings and encourage them in their faith.

3. The Galatian Churches
The recipients of Paul's letter, struggling with issues of legalism and the influence of Judaizers who insisted on adherence to the Mosaic Law.

4. Judaizers
A group within the early church advocating for the necessity of following Jewish law, including circumcision, for salvation.

5. The Holy Spirit
Central to Paul's message in Galatians 5, emphasizing the contrast between living by the Spirit and living by the flesh.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Works of the Flesh
Recognize that the behaviors listed in Galatians 5:20 are manifestations of living according to the sinful nature, which is contrary to the life God desires for us.

The Danger of Idolatry and Sorcery
These practices represent a turning away from God and reliance on false powers, which can lead to spiritual bondage.

Relational Sins
Hatred, discord, jealousy, and rage destroy community and relationships, highlighting the need for the fruit of the Spirit in our interactions.

Unity in the Body of Christ
Rivalries, divisions, and factions are destructive to the unity of the church, which is called to be one body in Christ.

Living by the Spirit
Emphasize the importance of walking in the Spirit, which produces love, joy, peace, and other fruits that counteract the works of the flesh.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the works of the flesh listed in Galatians 5:20 manifest in today's society, and how can Christians guard against them?

2. In what ways can idolatry and sorcery subtly infiltrate a believer's life, and what steps can be taken to remain faithful to God?

3. How can understanding the original Greek terms for "hatred," "discord," and "jealousy" deepen our comprehension of these sins?

4. What practical steps can a church take to prevent rivalries, divisions, and factions from arising within its community?

5. How does living by the Spirit, as described in Galatians 5, transform our relationships and interactions with others? Consider connections to Ephesians 4:31-32 and Colossians 3:5-8.

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Corinthians 3:3
Paul addresses similar issues of jealousy and strife, indicating that such behaviors are signs of spiritual immaturity.

James 3:14-16
James warns against bitter envy and selfish ambition, which lead to disorder and every evil practice, paralleling the works of the flesh listed in Galatians.

Romans 1:29-31
Paul lists similar sinful behaviors, emphasizing the depravity of those who turn away from God.

Ephesians 4:31-32
Paul encourages believers to put away bitterness, wrath, and anger, and instead be kind and forgiving, contrasting the works of the flesh.

Colossians 3:5-8
Paul instructs believers to put to death earthly nature, including anger and malice, aligning with the call to live by the Spirit.