Exodus 21:25

burn for burn, wound for wound, and stripe for stripe.

Study Bible

burn for burn
This phrase is part of the lex talionis, or the law of retaliation, which is a principle of retributive justice. The Hebrew word for "burn" is "כְּוִיָּה" (keviya), which refers to a burn or a scar. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this law was revolutionary in its demand for proportional justice, ensuring that the punishment matched the crime without exceeding it. It reflects God's desire for justice and fairness, preventing excessive retribution and promoting societal order. This principle underscores the sanctity of human life and the importance of treating others with dignity and respect.

wound for wound
The Hebrew word for "wound" is "פֶּצַע" (petza), indicating a physical injury or harm. This phrase emphasizes the need for equitable justice, ensuring that any injury inflicted is met with a corresponding penalty. Historically, this was a significant departure from the often brutal and excessive punishments common in ancient cultures. It highlights the biblical principle of justice tempered with mercy, as it seeks to limit vengeance and promote reconciliation. This reflects God's character as both just and merciful, calling His people to embody these attributes in their interactions with others.

stripe for stripe
The term "stripe" comes from the Hebrew "חַבּוּרָה" (chabburah), meaning a bruise or welt, typically from a blow. This phrase further reinforces the concept of measured justice. In the ancient world, physical punishment was a common form of retribution, but this law ensured that such punishment was not arbitrary or excessive. It serves as a reminder of the value God places on human life and the importance of justice that is fair and proportionate. This principle is echoed in the teachings of Jesus, who calls His followers to go beyond mere justice to embrace forgiveness and love, transforming relationships and communities.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the Law from God on Mount Sinai. He is the central figure in delivering God's commandments to the people.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God who were delivered from slavery in Egypt and are now receiving the Law to guide their community life.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where God gave Moses the Law, including the ordinances found in Exodus 21, which are part of the covenant between God and Israel.

Teaching Points

Principle of Justice
The law in Exodus 21:25 establishes a principle of proportional justice, ensuring that the punishment fits the crime. This reflects God's desire for fairness and order in society.

Limitations on Retaliation
By specifying "burn for burn, wound for wound," the law limits excessive retaliation, promoting a balanced approach to justice.

Foreshadowing of Christ's Teachings
While the Old Testament law emphasizes justice, it foreshadows the New Testament teachings of Jesus, who calls for mercy and forgiveness, encouraging believers to transcend the law with love.

Community Responsibility
The law underscores the importance of community responsibility in maintaining justice, reminding believers of their role in upholding righteousness within their communities.

Transformation through Christ
In light of the New Testament, believers are called to transform their understanding of justice through the lens of Christ's sacrificial love and forgiveness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the principle of "burn for burn, wound for wound" reflect God's character of justice and fairness?

2. In what ways does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:38-39 challenge the Old Testament understanding of retribution?

3. How can we apply the principle of proportional justice in our personal relationships and community interactions today?

4. What role does forgiveness play in transforming our approach to justice, as seen in Romans 12:19?

5. How can we balance the call for justice with the call for mercy in our daily lives, following the example of Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 24:19-20
This passage reiterates the principle of "an eye for an eye," emphasizing justice and retribution in the community.

Matthew 5:38-39
Jesus references the "eye for an eye" principle, teaching a new way of responding to wrongs with grace and forgiveness.

Romans 12:19
Paul instructs believers to leave vengeance to God, highlighting a shift from personal retribution to divine justice.