Ephesians 4:28

He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.

Study Bible

He who has been stealing
This phrase addresses a specific group of individuals within the early Christian community who may have been engaged in theft. The Greek word for "stealing" is "κλέπτω" (kleptō), which implies taking something secretly or by stealth. Historically, theft was a common issue in ancient societies, often driven by poverty or greed. The Apostle Paul is calling for a radical transformation in behavior, urging believers to abandon their old sinful ways as part of their new life in Christ.

must steal no longer
This command is a clear directive for repentance and change. The Greek word "μηκέτι" (mēketi) means "no longer" or "no more," indicating a decisive break from past actions. In the context of Christian conversion, this reflects the transformative power of the Gospel, which calls individuals to live in a manner worthy of their calling (Ephesians 4:1). The emphasis is on personal responsibility and moral integrity.

but must work
The Greek word for "work" is "ἐργάζομαι" (ergazomai), which means to labor or engage in productive activity. This reflects the biblical principle that work is honorable and ordained by God. From the beginning, in Genesis, work was part of God's design for humanity. Paul is encouraging believers to engage in honest labor as a means of providing for themselves and contributing to the community.

doing good with his own hands
This phrase emphasizes the value of manual labor and the dignity of working with one's hands. The Greek word "ἀγαθός" (agathos) means "good" or "beneficial," suggesting that work should not only be honest but also constructive and beneficial to others. This aligns with the Christian ethic of serving others and using one's talents and resources for the common good.

that he may have something to share
The purpose of work, according to this passage, extends beyond self-sufficiency. The Greek word "μεταδίδωμι" (metadidōmi) means "to share" or "to give a portion of." This reflects the Christian principle of generosity and stewardship, where believers are called to use their resources to bless others, particularly those in need. It echoes the early church's practice of sharing possessions and caring for the less fortunate (Acts 2:44-45).

with the one in need
This phrase highlights the Christian duty to care for the needy. The Greek word "χρεία" (chreia) refers to necessity or need, underscoring the importance of being attentive to the needs of others. In the historical context of the early church, there was a strong emphasis on community support and mutual aid. This reflects the heart of the Gospel, which calls believers to love their neighbors as themselves and to demonstrate Christ's love through acts of kindness and charity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the letter to the Ephesians, providing guidance to the early Christian church on how to live a life worthy of their calling.

2. Ephesus
A major city in Asia Minor where the Ephesian church was located. It was a center of trade and culture, which may have influenced the behaviors Paul addresses.

3. Early Christian Church
The community of believers in Ephesus who were recipients of Paul's letter, facing challenges of living out their faith in a pagan society.

Teaching Points

Transformation of Behavior
Paul emphasizes a radical change from a life of sin to one of righteousness. This transformation is a hallmark of Christian conversion and sanctification.

The Value of Honest Work
Work is not merely a means of self-sustenance but a way to contribute positively to society and the community of believers.

Generosity as a Christian Virtue
The ultimate goal of working is not just personal gain but to have the means to help others, reflecting Christ's love and generosity.

Integrity in Action
Christians are called to live with integrity, ensuring that their actions align with their faith, including in their professional and personal dealings.

Community Responsibility
Believers are part of a larger body and have a responsibility to support and uplift one another, especially those in need.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul's instruction in Ephesians 4:28 reflect the transformation expected in a believer's life after accepting Christ?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of working "with our own hands" in today's context, especially in a digital and service-oriented economy?

3. How does the call to share with those in need challenge our current understanding of personal wealth and possessions?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure that our work and earnings are used to bless others, as Paul instructs?

5. How do the teachings in Ephesians 4:28 connect with the broader biblical account of stewardship and generosity?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:15
The commandment "You shall not steal" provides a foundational moral law that Paul reiterates in his instruction to the Ephesians.

Proverbs 6:6-11
Encourages hard work and diligence, contrasting the behavior of the lazy with the industrious ant, which aligns with Paul's exhortation to work with one's hands.

Acts 20:35
Paul reminds the Ephesian elders of Jesus' teaching that "It is more blessed to give than to receive," which complements the idea of working to share with those in need.