Ecclesiastes 2:17
So I hated life, because the work that is done under the sun was grievous to me. For everything is futile and a pursuit of the wind.
So I hated life
The phrase "hated life" reflects a deep existential despair. The Hebrew word for "hated" is "שָׂנֵא" (sane), which conveys a strong aversion or intense dislike. In the context of Ecclesiastes, this sentiment arises from the Preacher's (traditionally understood as Solomon) realization of the futility of earthly endeavors. Historically, Solomon's reign was marked by unparalleled wisdom and wealth, yet this statement reveals a profound disillusionment with the temporal world. This serves as a cautionary reflection on the limitations of human achievement and the emptiness of life without a divine purpose.

because the work that is done under the sun
The phrase "under the sun" is a recurring theme in Ecclesiastes, emphasizing the earthly, temporal realm as opposed to the eternal. The Hebrew word for "work" is "מַעֲשֶׂה" (ma'aseh), which encompasses all human activities and endeavors. This phrase suggests that all human efforts, when viewed solely from an earthly perspective, lack ultimate significance. The historical context of Solomon's extensive building projects and administrative achievements underscores the Preacher's point that even the most grandiose human accomplishments are ultimately unsatisfying.

was grievous to me
The word "grievous" translates from the Hebrew "רַע" (ra), meaning evil, distressing, or troublesome. This reflects the emotional burden and dissatisfaction that accompany the realization of life's transience and the inability of worldly pursuits to provide lasting fulfillment. The Preacher's personal experience serves as a universal lesson on the limitations of human wisdom and labor when disconnected from God's eternal purpose.

For everything is futile
The term "futile" is derived from the Hebrew "הֶבֶל" (hebel), often translated as "vanity" or "meaninglessness." This word conveys the idea of something transient, insubstantial, or fleeting, like a vapor. In the broader scriptural context, this futility is contrasted with the eternal nature of God and His purposes. The Preacher's conclusion that "everything is futile" without God challenges readers to seek meaning beyond the material world.

and a pursuit of the wind
The imagery of "a pursuit of the wind" evokes the futility of chasing something that cannot be caught or held. The Hebrew word "רְעוּת" (re'ut) means striving or chasing, and it underscores the elusive and unattainable nature of worldly satisfaction. This metaphor highlights the transient and elusive nature of human efforts when they are not grounded in a relationship with God. The historical and cultural context of ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature often used such vivid imagery to convey profound truths about the human condition.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Solomon
Traditionally considered the author of Ecclesiastes, Solomon was the king of Israel known for his wisdom, wealth, and extensive building projects. His reflections in Ecclesiastes are often seen as a philosophical exploration of life's meaning.

2. Jerusalem
The central place of Solomon's reign and the location where much of his work and wisdom were displayed. It serves as the backdrop for his reflections on life and labor.

3. Under the Sun
A phrase used throughout Ecclesiastes to describe the earthly, temporal realm of human activity and experience, as opposed to the eternal or divine perspective.

4. Work/Labor
The efforts and achievements of human beings, which Solomon examines and ultimately finds to be futile when considered apart from God.

5. Futility
A central theme in Ecclesiastes, referring to the meaningless or transient nature of human endeavors when they are disconnected from a divine purpose.
Teaching Points
The Limitations of Earthly Wisdom and Achievements
Solomon's wisdom and accomplishments did not bring lasting satisfaction. True fulfillment is found in a relationship with God.

The Reality of Life's Transience
Recognize the temporary nature of earthly pursuits. This awareness should lead us to invest in eternal values.

The Importance of Perspective
Viewing life "under the sun" leads to despair. A heavenly perspective, focused on God's eternal purposes, brings hope and meaning.

The Role of Work in a Believer's Life
While work can seem futile, it gains significance when done for God's glory and in service to others.

Finding Contentment in Christ
True contentment and purpose are found in Christ, who redeems our efforts and gives eternal significance to our lives.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Solomon's experience of hating life challenge our own views on success and achievement?

2. In what ways can the concept of "futility" in Ecclesiastes help us understand the effects of the Fall as described in Genesis 3?

3. How can we apply Jesus' teaching in Matthew 6:19-21 to counter the sense of futility in our daily work?

4. What practical steps can we take to shift our perspective from "under the sun" to a heavenly focus?

5. How does understanding the transient nature of life influence our priorities and decisions as Christians?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 3:17-19
The curse of toil and labor as a result of the Fall, which connects to Solomon's lament about the grievous nature of work.

Romans 8:20-21
The creation subjected to futility, echoing the theme of Ecclesiastes and pointing towards the hope of redemption.

Philippians 3:7-8
Paul's perspective on counting all things as loss for the sake of Christ, which contrasts with Solomon's view of life's futility.

Matthew 6:19-21
Jesus' teaching on storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth, providing a solution to the futility Solomon describes.
Disgust with LifeJ. Saurin.Ecclesiastes 2:17
Is Life Worth LivingJ. G. James, B. A.Ecclesiastes 2:17
Life with and Without GodG. S. Barrett, D. D.Ecclesiastes 2:17
Pessimism and OptimismA. Crawford, M. A.Ecclesiastes 2:17
Tired of LifeHomilistEcclesiastes 2:17
A Strange ExperimentC. L. Thompson, D. D.Ecclesiastes 2:1-26
The Pleasures of Sin and the Pleasures of Christ's Service ContrastedJ. M. Sherwood, D. D.Ecclesiastes 2:1-26
The Threefold View of Human LifeW. L. Watkinson.Ecclesiastes 2:1-26
The Comparison Between Wisdom and FollyD. Thomas Ecclesiastes 2:12-17
The Value and the Futility of WisdomJ. Willcock Ecclesiastes 2:12-17
People
Argob, Solomon
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Chasing, Desire, Evil, Futility, Grievous, Hated, Hating, Meaningless, Purpose, Pursuit, Sad, Spirit, Striving, Vanity, Vexation, Wind, Worked, Wrought
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ecclesiastes 2:17

     4016   life, human
     5067   suicide
     5845   emptiness
     9614   hope, results of absence

Ecclesiastes 2:10-23

     5864   futility

Ecclesiastes 2:12-23

     5916   pessimism

Ecclesiastes 2:17-19

     4912   chance

Ecclesiastes 2:17-20

     5831   depression
     8713   discouragement

Ecclesiastes 2:17-23

     5081   Adam, life of
     5776   achievement

Library
Of Spiritual Aridity
Of Spiritual Aridity Though God hath no other desire than to impart Himself to the loving soul that seeks Him, yet He frequently conceals Himself that the soul may be roused from sloth, and impelled to seek Him with fidelity and love. But with what abundant goodness doth He recompense the faithfulness of His beloved? And how sweetly are these apparent withdrawings of Himself succeeded by the consoling caresses of love? At these seasons we are apt to believe, either that it proves our fidelity, and
Madame Guyon—A Short and Easy Method of Prayer

A Prayer for Cleansing of the Heart and for Heavenly Wisdom
4. Strengthen me, O God, by the grace of Thy Holy Spirit. Give me virtue to be strengthened with might in the inner man, and to free my heart from all fruitless care and trouble, and that I be not drawn away by various desires after any things whatsoever, whether of little value or great, but that I may look upon all as passing away, and myself as passing away with them; because there is no profit under the sun, and all is vanity and vexation of spirit.(1) Oh how wise is he that considereth thus!
Thomas A Kempis—Imitation of Christ

Chronology of the Life of Ephraim.
Thus the fixed points for determining the chronology of Ephraim's life are: 1. The death of his patron, St. Jacob, Bishop of Nisibis, in 338, after the first siege of that city. 2. The third siege, in which he was among the defenders of the city, in 350. 3. The surrender of Nisibis by Jovian, and its abandonment by its Christian inhabitants, 363; followed by Ephraim's removal to Edessa. 4. The consecration of Basil to the see of Cæsarea, late in 370, followed by Ephraim's visit to him there.
Ephraim the Syrian—Hymns and Homilies of Ephraim the Syrian

Introduction to the "Theological" Orations.
"It has been said with truth," says the writer of the Article on Gregory of Nazianzus in the Dictionary of Christian Biography, "that these discourses would lose their chief charm in a translation....Critics have rivalled each other in the praises they have heaped upon them, but no praise is so high as that of the many Theologians who have found in them their own best thoughts. A Critic who cannot be accused of partiality towards Gregory has given in a few words perhaps the truest estimate of them:
St. Cyril of Jerusalem—Lectures of S. Cyril of Jerusalem

But Now I Will Proceed with what I have Begun...
14. But now I will proceed with what I have begun, if I can, and I will so treat with you, as not in the mean while to lay open the Catholic Faith, but, in order that they may search out its great mysteries, to show to those who have a care for their souls, hope of divine fruit, and of the discerning of truth. No one doubts of him who seeks true religion, either that he already believes that there is an immortal soul for that religion to profit, or that he also wishes to find that very thing in this
St. Augustine—On the Profit of Believing.

Whether the Church Observes a Suitable Rite in Baptizing?
Objection 1: It seems that the Church observes an unsuitable rite in baptizing. For as Chrysostom (Chromatius, in Matth. 3:15) says: "The waters of Baptism would never avail to purge the sins of them that believe, had they not been hallowed by the touch of our Lord's body." Now this took place at Christ's Baptism, which is commemorated in the Feast of the Epiphany. Therefore solemn Baptism should be celebrated at the Feast of the Epiphany rather than on the eves of Easter and Whitsunday. Objection
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

A Discourse of the House and Forest of Lebanon
OF THE HOUSE OF THE FOREST OF LEBANON. ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. That part of Palestine in which the celebrated mountains of Lebanon are situated, is the border country adjoining Syria, having Sidon for its seaport, and Land, nearly adjoining the city of Damascus, on the north. This metropolitan city of Syria, and capital of the kingdom of Damascus, was strongly fortified; and during the border conflicts it served as a cover to the Assyrian army. Bunyan, with great reason, supposes that, to keep
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

The Eternity of Heaven's Happiness.
Having endeavored, in the foregoing pages, to form to ourselves some idea of the glorious happiness reserved for us in heaven, there still remains to say something of its crowning glory--the eternity of its duration. This is not only its crowning glory, but it is, moreover, an essential constituent of that unspeakable joy which now inebriates the souls of the blessed. A moment's reflection will make this evident. Let us suppose, for the sake of illustration, that on the last day, God should thus
F. J. Boudreaux—The Happiness of Heaven

The Outbreak of the Arian Controversy. The Attitude of Eusebius.
About the year 318, while Alexander was bishop of Alexandria, the Arian controversy broke out in that city, and the whole Eastern Church was soon involved in the strife. We cannot enter here into a discussion of Arius' views; but in order to understand the rapidity with which the Arian party grew, and the strong hold which it possessed from the very start in Syria and Asia Minor, we must remember that Arius was not himself the author of that system which we know as Arianism, but that he learned the
Eusebius Pamphilius—Church History

Paul's Missionary Labors.
The public life of Paul, from the third year after his conversion to his martyrdom, a.d. 40-64, embraces a quarter of a century, three great missionary campaigns with minor expeditions, five visits to Jerusalem, and at least four years of captivity in Caesarea and Rome. Some extend it to a.d. 67 or 68. It may be divided into five or six periods, as follows: 1. a.d. 40-44. The period of preparatory labors in Syria and his native Cilicia, partly alone, partly in connection with Barnabas, his senior
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

James the Brother of the Lord.
He pistis choris ergon nekra estin.--James 2:26 Sources. I. Genuine sources: Acts 12:17; 15:13; 21:18; 1 Cor. 15:7; Gal. 1:19; 2:9, 12. Comp. James "the brother of the Lord," Matt. 13:55; Mark 6:3; Gal. 1:19. The Epistle of James. II. Post-apostolic: Josephus: Ant. XX. 9, 1.--Hegesippus in Euseb. Hist. Ecc. II. ch. 23.--Jerome: Catal. vir. ill. c. 2, under "Jacobus." Epiphanius, Haer. XXIX. 4; XXX. 16; LXXVIII. 13 sq. III. Apocryphal: Protevangelium Jacobi, ed. in Greek by Tischendorf, in "Evangelia
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

"And These Things Write we unto You, that Your Joy May be Full. "
1 John i. 4.--"And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full." All motions tend to rest and quietness. We see it daily in the motions below, and we believe it also of the circular revolutions of the heavens above, that there is a day coming in which they shall cease, as having performed all they were appointed for. And as it is in things natural, so it is in things rational in a more eminent way. Their desires, affections, and actions, which are the motions and stretches of the soul
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Life, as Amplified by Mediaeval Biographers.
1. His Early Years.--Ephraim, according to this biography, was a Syrian of Mesopotamia, by birth, and by parentage on both sides. His mother was of Amid (now Diarbekr) a central city of that region; his father belonged to the older and more famous City of Nisibis, not far from Amid but near the Persian frontier, where he was priest of an idol named Abnil (or Abizal) in the days of Constantine the Great (306-337). This idol was afterwards destroyed by Jovian (who became Emperor in 363 after the
Ephraim the Syrian—Hymns and Homilies of Ephraim the Syrian

"For to be Carnally Minded is Death; but to be Spiritually Minded is Life and Peace. "
Rom. viii. 6.--"For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace." It is true, this time is short, and so short that scarce can similitudes or comparisons be had to shadow it out unto us. It is a dream, a moment, a vapour, a flood, a flower, and whatsoever can be more fading or perishing; and therefore it is not in itself very considerable, yet in another respect it is of all things the most precious, and worthy of the deepest attention and most serious consideration;
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Lii. Concerning Hypocrisy, Worldly Anxiety, Watchfulness, and his Approaching Passion.
(Galilee.) ^C Luke XII. 1-59. ^c 1 In the meantime [that is, while these things were occurring in the Pharisee's house], when the many thousands of the multitude were gathered together, insomuch that they trod one upon another [in their eagerness to get near enough to Jesus to see and hear] , he began to say unto his disciples first of all [that is, as the first or most appropriate lesson], Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. [This admonition is the key to the understanding
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Messiah's Easy Yoke
Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light. T hough the influence of education and example, may dispose us to acknowledge the Gospel to be a revelation from God; it can only be rightly understood, or duly prized, by those persons who feel themselves in the circumstances of distress, which it is designed to relieve. No Israelite would think of fleeing to a city of refuge (Joshua 20:2.
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

There is a Blessedness in Reversion
Blessed are the poor in spirit. Matthew 5:3 Having done with the occasion, I come now to the sermon itself. Blessed are the poor in spirit'. Christ does not begin his Sermon on the Mount as the Law was delivered on the mount, with commands and threatenings, the trumpet sounding, the fire flaming, the earth quaking, and the hearts of the Israelites too for fear; but our Saviour (whose lips dropped as the honeycomb') begins with promises and blessings. So sweet and ravishing was the doctrine of this
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

The Hindrances to Mourning
What shall we do to get our heart into this mourning frame? Do two things. Take heed of those things which will stop these channels of mourning; put yourselves upon the use of all means that will help forward holy mourning. Take heed of those things which will stop the current of tears. There are nine hindrances of mourning. 1 The love of sin. The love of sin is like a stone in the pipe which hinders the current of water. The love of sin makes sin taste sweet and this sweetness in sin bewitches the
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Exhortations to those who are Called
IF, after searching you find that you are effectually called, I have three exhortations to you. 1. Admire and adore God's free grace in calling you -- that God should pass over so many, that He should pass by the wise and noble, and that the lot of free grace should fall upon you! That He should take you out of a state of vassalage, from grinding the devil's mill, and should set you above the princes of the earth, and call you to inherit the throne of glory! Fall upon your knees, break forth into
Thomas Watson—A Divine Cordial

Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners Or, a Brief Relation of the Exceeding Mercy of God in Christ, to his Poor Servant, John Bunyan
In this my relation of the merciful working of God upon my soul, it will not be amiss, if in the first place, I do in a few words give you a hint of my pedigree, and manner of bringing up; that thereby the goodness and bounty of God towards me, may be the more advanced and magnified before the sons of men. 2. For my descent then, it was, as is well known by many, of a low and inconsiderable generation; my father's house being of that rank that is meanest, and most despised of all the families in
John Bunyan—Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners

Christ's Prophetic Office
'The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet,' &c. Deut 18:85. Having spoken of the person of Christ, we are next to speak of the offices of Christ. These are Prophetic, Priestly, and Regal. 'The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet.' Enunciatur hic locus de Christo. It is spoken of Christ.' There are several names given to Christ as a Prophet. He is called the Counsellor' in Isa 9:9. In uno Christo Angelus foederis completur [The Messenger of the Covenant appears in Christ alone].
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

The Comforts Belonging to Mourners
Having already presented to your view the dark side of the text, I shall now show you the light side, They shall be comforted'. Where observe: 1 Mourning goes before comfort as the lancing of a wound precedes the cure. The Antinomian talks of comfort, but cries down mourning for sin. He is like a foolish patient who, having a pill prescribed him, licks the sugar but throws away the pill. The libertine is all for joy and comfort. He licks the sugar but throws away the bitter pill of repentance. If
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Ecclesiastes
It is not surprising that the book of Ecclesiastes had a struggle to maintain its place in the canon, and it was probably only its reputed Solomonic authorship and the last two verses of the book that permanently secured its position at the synod of Jamnia in 90 A.D. The Jewish scholars of the first century A.D. were struck by the manner in which it contradicted itself: e.g., "I praised the dead more than the living," iv. 2, "A living dog is better than a dead lion," ix. 4; but they were still more
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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