1 Samuel 23:22

Please go and prepare further. Investigate and watch carefully where he goes and who has seen him there, for I am told that he is extremely cunning.

Study Bible

Please go and find out more
This phrase reflects Saul's desperation and determination to capture David. The Hebrew root for "find out" is "yada," which means to know or to ascertain by seeing. This implies a deep, investigative pursuit, not just a casual inquiry. Saul's request underscores the intensity of his obsession with David, highlighting the lengths to which he is willing to go to eliminate his perceived rival. Historically, this reflects the political tension and personal vendetta that Saul harbored against David, who was anointed by God to be the next king of Israel.

See where he usually goes
The word "see" in Hebrew is "ra'ah," which means to look at or inspect. Saul is instructing his men to observe David's habits and routines. This reflects a strategic military tactic, as understanding an enemy's movements is crucial in planning an ambush. The historical context here is significant, as David was constantly on the move, evading Saul's attempts to capture him. This phrase also highlights the cunning and resourcefulness of David, who was able to stay one step ahead of Saul despite the king's relentless pursuit.

and who has seen him there
This part of the verse emphasizes the importance of eyewitness accounts in ancient times. The Hebrew word for "seen" is "ra'ah," the same as earlier, indicating the need for reliable intelligence. Saul is relying on the testimony of those who have physically observed David, which was a common practice in a time without modern surveillance technology. This reflects the broader biblical theme of witness and testimony, which is crucial in establishing truth and justice.

They tell me he is very crafty
The word "crafty" in Hebrew is "arum," which can mean shrewd or prudent. This is the same word used to describe the serpent in Genesis 3:1, indicating a sense of cunning and strategic thinking. Saul acknowledges David's intelligence and ability to outmaneuver him, which is a testament to David's leadership and survival skills. This phrase also highlights the irony of Saul's situation; despite being the king, he is outwitted by David, who relies on God's guidance and his own resourcefulness. This serves as an inspirational reminder of the power of divine wisdom and the importance of relying on God in times of adversity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who is currently fleeing from King Saul. David is known for his wisdom and cunning, as mentioned in this verse.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is pursuing David out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne. Saul's obsession with capturing David leads him to seek detailed intelligence about David's movements.

3. Ziphites
The inhabitants of Ziph, who inform Saul of David's whereabouts. They play a role in Saul's pursuit by offering to help capture David.

4. Wilderness of Ziph
A region in Judah where David is hiding. It is a rugged and remote area, providing a strategic advantage for David's evasion.

5. Jonathan
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, Jonathan, Saul's son, is a significant figure in this account as a loyal friend to David, often providing him with support and encouragement.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Discernment
Saul's request for detailed information about David's movements highlights the need for discernment in our own lives. We must be cautious about the sources of our information and the intentions behind them.

Trust in God's Protection
Despite being pursued by Saul, David consistently trusts in God's protection. This teaches us to rely on God's sovereignty and faithfulness in times of trouble.

The Role of Community
The Ziphites' betrayal contrasts with the support David receives from Jonathan. This reminds us of the importance of surrounding ourselves with a godly community that supports and encourages us.

Wisdom in Adversity
David's cunning and strategic thinking in evading Saul demonstrate the value of wisdom and prudence when facing challenges.

God's Sovereignty in Trials
Even when betrayed, David's life is preserved by God's hand. This reassures us that God is in control, even when circumstances seem dire.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of David as "very cunning" in 1 Samuel 23:22 reflect his character and actions throughout his life? Can you think of other instances in the Bible where David's wisdom is evident?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of discernment in our daily lives, especially when faced with conflicting information or advice?

3. How does David's trust in God during his time in the wilderness encourage us to rely on God during our own trials?

4. Reflect on a time when a community or individual supported you during a difficult period. How can you be a source of support for others in your community?

5. How does the account of David's evasion of Saul illustrate God's sovereignty and protection? Can you identify other biblical characters who experienced God's protection in similar ways?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 54
This Psalm is attributed to David during the time the Ziphites betrayed him to Saul. It reflects David's trust in God despite the betrayal and danger he faces.

1 Samuel 18:14
This verse highlights David's success and wisdom, which aligns with the description of him being "very cunning" in 1 Samuel 23:22.

Proverbs 3:5-6
These verses encourage trust in the Lord and acknowledge Him in all ways, which is a principle David exemplifies throughout his trials.