Then a spirit came forward, stood before the LORD, and said, 'I will entice him.' 'By what means?' asked the LORD. Then a spiritThe phrase "Then a spirit" introduces a mysterious and intriguing element into the narrative. In the Hebrew text, the word for "spirit" is "רוּחַ" (ruach), which can mean wind, breath, or spirit. This term is used throughout the Old Testament to denote not only the Spirit of God but also other spiritual beings. The context here suggests a spiritual being distinct from God, possibly an angel or a spirit under God's sovereign command. This highlights the biblical understanding of a spiritual realm that interacts with the physical world, emphasizing God's ultimate authority over all creation, including spiritual entities. came forward
The action of "came forward" suggests a deliberate and purposeful movement. In the heavenly court scene depicted here, this spirit approaches God with intent. This phrase underscores the order and structure within the spiritual realm, where beings present themselves before God, awaiting His command or permission. It reflects the biblical theme of divine order and the submission of all spiritual beings to God's will, reinforcing the idea that nothing occurs outside of His sovereign oversight. stood before the LORD
The phrase "stood before the LORD" indicates a position of readiness and service. In ancient Near Eastern culture, standing before a king or deity was a sign of respect and readiness to serve or receive instructions. This imagery conveys the spirit's acknowledgment of God's supreme authority and its willingness to act according to His divine plan. It serves as a reminder of the reverence and obedience owed to God by all His creation, both in heaven and on earth. and said
The simple phrase "and said" introduces the spirit's proposal, highlighting the communicative relationship between God and His spiritual servants. This interaction suggests that God allows for dialogue and the presentation of ideas within His divine council. It reflects the biblical theme of God's openness to engage with His creation, allowing for the expression of will and intention, yet always within the boundaries of His sovereign purpose. ‘I will entice him.’
The declaration "I will entice him" reveals the spirit's intention to influence King Ahab. The Hebrew word for "entice" is "פָּתָה" (pathah), which can mean to persuade, deceive, or allure. This reflects the biblical narrative's acknowledgment of the reality of spiritual influence and temptation. However, it is crucial to understand that this occurs under God's permission, illustrating the complex interplay between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the spiritual warfare that believers face and the need for discernment and reliance on God's wisdom and protection. Persons / Places / Events 1. AhabThe King of Israel, known for his idolatry and opposition to God's prophets. His reign is marked by conflict with the prophet Elijah and a tendency to follow false prophets. 2. JehoshaphatThe King of Judah, who seeks to align with Ahab through marriage and military alliance, yet desires to inquire of the LORD before going to battle. 3. MicaiahA true prophet of the LORD who is called upon to prophesy about the outcome of the battle against Ramoth-gilead. He is known for speaking the truth, regardless of the consequences. 4. The SpiritA spirit that volunteers to entice Ahab into going to battle, ultimately leading to his downfall. This spirit operates under God's sovereign permission. 5. The LORDThe sovereign God who allows the spirit to carry out its plan, demonstrating His control over all events, even those involving deception. Teaching Points God's SovereigntyRecognize that God is in control of all events, including those involving spiritual beings. His purposes will ultimately prevail, even when human understanding is limited. Discernment in ProphecyUnderstand the importance of discerning true prophecy from false. Like Micaiah, believers are called to speak the truth of God's word, even when it is unpopular or leads to personal risk. The Reality of Spiritual WarfareAcknowledge the existence of spiritual forces that seek to influence human decisions. Believers must remain vigilant and rely on God's wisdom and guidance. The Consequences of DisobedienceAhab's account serves as a warning about the dangers of ignoring God's word and following false counsel. Obedience to God leads to life, while disobedience leads to destruction. Seeking God's CounselLike Jehoshaphat, believers should seek God's guidance in all decisions, especially those involving alliances and major life choices. God's wisdom is available to those who ask. Bible Study Questions 1. How does the interaction between the spirit and the LORD in 1 Kings 22:21 illustrate God's sovereignty over spiritual and earthly realms? 2. In what ways can we discern true prophetic messages from false ones in today's context, and how does Micaiah's example guide us? 3. How does the concept of spiritual warfare in Ephesians 6:12 relate to the events in 1 Kings 22:21, and what practical steps can we take to prepare for such battles? 4. What lessons can we learn from Ahab's downfall about the importance of obedience to God's word and the dangers of following false counsel? 5. How can we apply Jehoshaphat's desire to seek God's counsel in our own decision-making processes, and what scriptures support this practice? Connections to Other Scriptures Job 1:6-12This passage describes a similar scene where spiritual beings present themselves before the LORD, and Satan is given permission to test Job. It highlights God's sovereignty over spiritual beings and earthly events. 2 Chronicles 18:18-22This parallel account provides additional context to the events in 1 Kings 22, emphasizing the role of divine sovereignty and the fulfillment of God's word through His prophets. Ephesians 6:12This New Testament passage reminds believers of the spiritual warfare that takes place beyond the physical realm, involving spiritual forces and the need for God's armor. People Ahab, Ahaziah, Amon, Aram, Asa, Azubah, Chenaanah, David, Geber, Imlah, Jehoram, Jehoshaphat, Jeroboam, Joash, Micah, Micaiah, Nebat, Ophir, Shilhi, Sodomites, Syrians, Tarshish, Tharshish, ZedekiahPlaces Edom, Ezion-geber, Jerusalem, Ophir, Ramoth-gilead, Samaria, Syria, TarshishTopics Entice, Forth, Forward, Persuade, Saying, Spirit, Standeth, Stood, TrickDictionary of Bible Themes 1 Kings 22:1-28 7774 prophets, false 1 Kings 22:1-38 8131 guidance, results 1 Kings 22:10-28 1469 visions 1 Kings 22:12-23 8129 guidance, examples 1 Kings 22:15-28 7712 convincing 1 Kings 22:17-38 6708 predestination 1 Kings 22:19-22 4170 host of heaven 1 Kings 22:19-23 6241 seduction 1 Kings 22:20-22 4195 spirits 1 Kings 22:21-23 4132 demons, malevolence
8776 lies Library Unpossessed Possessions
'And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria?'--1 KINGS xxii. 3. This city of Ramoth in Gilead was an important fortified place on the eastern side of the Jordan, and had, many years before the date of our text, been captured by its northern neighbours in the kingdom of Syria. A treaty had subsequently been concluded and broken a war followed thereafter, in which Ben-hadad, King of Syria, …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy ScriptureAhab and Micaiah
'And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the Lord besides, that we might enquire of him? 8. And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, Micaiah the son of Imlah, by whom we may enquire of the Lord: but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil.'--1 KINGS xxii. 7,8. An ill-omened alliance had been struck up between Ahab of Israel and Jehoshaphat of Judah. The latter, who would have been much better in Jerusalem, had come down to Samaria …
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture The Prophet Micah.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. Micah signifies: "Who is like Jehovah;" and by this name, the prophet is consecrated to the incomparable God, just as Hosea was to the helping God, and Nahum to the comforting God. He prophesied, according to the inscription, under Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. We are not, however, entitled, on this account, to dissever his prophecies, and to assign particular discourses to the reign of each of these kings. On the contrary, the entire collection forms only one whole. At …
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament The Poetical Books (Including Also Ecclesiastes and Canticles).
1. The Hebrews reckon but three books as poetical, namely: Job, Psalms, and Proverbs, which are distinguished from the rest by a stricter rhythm--the rhythm not of feet, but of clauses (see below, No. 3)--and a peculiar system of accentuation. It is obvious to every reader that the poetry of the Old Testament, in the usual sense of the word, is not restricted to these three books. But they are called poetical in a special and technical sense. In any natural classification of the books of the …
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible The Assyrian Revival and the Struggle for Syria
Assur-nazir-pal (885-860) and Shalmaneser III. (860-825)--The kingdom of Urartu and its conquering princes: Menuas and Argistis. Assyria was the first to reappear on the scene of action. Less hampered by an ancient past than Egypt and Chaldaea, she was the sooner able to recover her strength after any disastrous crisis, and to assume again the offensive along the whole of her frontier line. Image Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a bas-relief at Koyunjik of the time of Sennacherib. The initial cut, …
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7 Use to be Made of the Doctrine of Providence.
Sections. 1. Summary of the doctrine of Divine Providence. 1. It embraces the future and the past. 2. It works by means, without means, and against means. 3. Mankind, and particularly the Church, the object of special care. 4. The mode of administration usually secret, but always just. This last point more fully considered. 2. The profane denial that the world is governed by the secret counsel of God, refuted by passages of Scripture. Salutary counsel. 3. This doctrine, as to the secret counsel of …
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion The Shepherd of Our Souls.
"I am the good Shepherd: the good Shepherd giveth His life for the sheep."--John x. 11. Our Lord here appropriates to Himself the title under which He had been foretold by the Prophets. "David My servant shall be king over them," says Almighty God by the mouth of Ezekiel: "and they all shall have one Shepherd." And in the book of Zechariah, "Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, and against the man that is My fellow, saith the Lord of Hosts; smite the Shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered." …
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII Of Councils and their Authority.
1. The true nature of Councils. 2. Whence the authority of Councils is derived. What meant by assembling in the name of Christ. 3. Objection, that no truth remains in the Church if it be not in Pastors and Councils. Answer, showing by passages from the Old Testament that Pastors were often devoid of the spirit of knowledge and truth. 4. Passages from the New Testament showing that our times were to be subject to the same evil. This confirmed by the example of almost all ages. 5. All not Pastors who …
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion That the Employing Of, and Associating with the Malignant Party, According as is Contained in the Public Resolutions, is Sinful and Unlawful.
That The Employing Of, And Associating With The Malignant Party, According As Is Contained In The Public Resolutions, Is Sinful And Unlawful. If there be in the land a malignant party of power and policy, and the exceptions contained in the Act of Levy do comprehend but few of that party, then there need be no more difficulty to prove, that the present public resolutions and proceedings do import an association and conjunction with a malignant party, than to gather a conclusion from clear premises. …
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning Of Passages from the Holy Scriptures, and from the Apocrypha, which are Quoted, or Incidentally Illustrated, in the Institutes.
TO THE AUTHORS QUOTED IN THE INSTITUTES PREFATORY ADDRESS TO HIS MOST CHRISTIAN MAJESTY, THE MOST MIGHTY AND ILLUSTRIOUS MONARCH, FRANCIS, KING OF THE FRENCH, HIS SOVEREIGN; [1] JOHN CALVIN PRAYS PEACE AND SALVATION IN CHRIST. [2] Sire,--When I first engaged in this work, nothing was farther from my thoughts than to write what should afterwards be presented to your Majesty. My intention was only to furnish a kind of rudiments, by which those who feel some interest in religion might be trained to …
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion He Does Battle for the Faith; He Restores Peace among those who were at Variance; He Takes in Hand to Build a Stone Church.
57. (32). There was a certain clerk in Lismore whose life, as it is said, was good, but his faith not so. He was a man of some knowledge in his own eyes, and dared to say that in the Eucharist there is only a sacrament and not the fact[718] of the sacrament, that is, mere sanctification and not the truth of the Body. On this subject he was often addressed by Malachy in secret, but in vain; and finally he was called before a public assembly, the laity however being excluded, in order that if it were …
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh Sovereignty of God in Administration
"The LORD hath prepared His Throne In the heavens; and His Kingdom ruleth over all" (Psa. 103:19). First, a word concerning the need for God to govern the material world. Suppose the opposite for a moment. For the sake of argument, let us say that God created the world, designed and fixed certain laws (which men term "the laws of Nature"), and that He then withdrew, leaving the world to its fortune and the out-working of these laws. In such a case, we should have a world over which there was no intelligent, …
Arthur W. Pink—The Sovereignty of God Tit. 2:06 Thoughts for Young Men
WHEN St. Paul wrote his Epistle to Titus about his duty as a minister, he mentioned young men as a class requiring peculiar attention. After speaking of aged men and aged women, and young women, he adds this pithy advice, "Young men likewise exhort to be sober-minded" (Tit. 2:6). I am going to follow the Apostle's advice. I propose to offer a few words of friendly exhortation to young men. I am growing old myself, but there are few things I remember so well as the days of my youth. I have a most …
John Charles Ryle—The Upper Room: Being a Few Truths for the Times General Principles of Interpretation. 1 Since the Bible Addresses Men in Human Language...
CHAPTER XXXIV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION. 1. Since the Bible addresses men in human language, and according to human modes of thinking and speaking, the interpreter's first work is to ascertain the meaning of the terms employed. Here he must proceed as in the case of other writings, seeking by the aid of grammars, lexicons, cognate languages, ancient versions, ancient interpreters, and whatever other outward helps are available, to gain a thorough knowledge of the language employed by …
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible Commerce
The remarkable change which we have noticed in the views of Jewish authorities, from contempt to almost affectation of manual labour, could certainly not have been arbitrary. But as we fail to discover here any religious motive, we can only account for it on the score of altered political and social circumstances. So long as the people were, at least nominally, independent, and in possession of their own land, constant engagement in a trade would probably mark an inferior social stage, and imply …
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life The Figurative Language of Scripture.
1. When the psalmist says: "The Lord God is a sun and shield" (Psa. 84:11), he means that God is to all his creatures the source of life and blessedness, and their almighty protector; but this meaning he conveys under the figure of a sun and a shield. When, again, the apostle James says that Moses is read in the synagogues every Sabbath-day (Acts 15:21), he signifies the writings of Moses under the figure of his name. In these examples the figure lies in particular words. But it may be embodied …
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible Instruction for the Ignorant:
BEING A SALVE TO CURE THAT GREAT WANT OF KNOWLEDGE, WHICH SO MUCH REIGNS BOTH IN YOUNG AND OLD. PREPARED AND PRESENTED TO THEM IN A PLAIN AND EASY DIALOGUE, FITTED TO THE CAPACITY OF THE WEAKEST. 'My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge.'--Hosea 4:6 ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. This little catechism is upon a plan perfectly new and unique. It was first published as a pocket volume in 1675, and has been republished in every collection of the author's works; and recently in a separate tract. …
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3 Kings
The book[1] of Kings is strikingly unlike any modern historical narrative. Its comparative brevity, its curious perspective, and-with some brilliant exceptions--its relative monotony, are obvious to the most cursory perusal, and to understand these things is, in large measure, to understand the book. It covers a period of no less than four centuries. Beginning with the death of David and the accession of Solomon (1 Kings i., ii.) it traverses his reign with considerable fulness (1 Kings iii.-xi.), …
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament Links 1 Kings 22:21 NIV1 Kings 22:21 NLT1 Kings 22:21 ESV1 Kings 22:21 NASB1 Kings 22:21 KJV
1 Kings 22:21 Commentaries
Bible Hub |
