1 Kings 18:20
So Ahab summoned all the Israelites and assembled the prophets on Mount Carmel.
So Ahab summoned
The phrase begins with King Ahab, a ruler of the northern kingdom of Israel, known for his idolatry and marriage to Jezebel, who promoted the worship of Baal. The Hebrew root for "summoned" is קָרָא (qara), meaning to call or proclaim. This action signifies Ahab's authority and his role in the unfolding drama. Despite his waywardness, God uses Ahab's authority to set the stage for a divine confrontation. This highlights the sovereignty of God, who can use even the unrighteous to fulfill His purposes.

all the Israelites
The term "all the Israelites" indicates the comprehensive nature of the gathering. It underscores the national significance of the event. Historically, Israel was divided into tribes, yet this assembly calls for unity among them. This moment is pivotal, as it is not just a local or tribal issue but a matter concerning the entire nation. Theologically, it reflects the call for God's people to witness His power and return to covenant faithfulness.

and assembled the prophets
The word "assembled" comes from the Hebrew root אָסַף (asaph), meaning to gather or collect. This gathering of prophets, specifically the prophets of Baal, sets the stage for a confrontation between the false prophets and the true prophet of God, Elijah. The presence of these prophets highlights the spiritual conflict in Israel, where false worship had taken root. It serves as a reminder of the constant battle between truth and falsehood, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture.

on Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel is a significant geographical location, known for its beauty and fertility. In ancient times, it was considered a sacred site, often associated with various deities. The choice of Mount Carmel as the venue for this confrontation is symbolic. It represents a high place of decision, where God would demonstrate His supremacy over Baal. Archaeologically, Mount Carmel's strategic location overlooking the Mediterranean Sea made it an ideal setting for a public demonstration of God's power. Spiritually, it serves as a reminder that God often calls His people to make decisive stands in places of cultural and spiritual significance.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ahab
The king of Israel, known for his idolatry and marriage to Jezebel, which led Israel into sin. His summoning of the Israelites and prophets sets the stage for a confrontation between the worship of Yahweh and Baal.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel, who were caught in a spiritual crisis, torn between the worship of Yahweh and the pagan god Baal.

3. Prophets
Refers to the prophets of Baal, who were supported by Jezebel and represented the false religion that had taken hold in Israel.

4. Mount Carmel
A significant location for this event, symbolizing a place of decision and confrontation between the true God and false gods. It is geographically located in the northern part of Israel.

5. Elijah
Although not mentioned in this specific verse, Elijah is the central prophet of Yahweh who challenges the prophets of Baal in the subsequent verses.
Teaching Points
The Danger of Idolatry
Ahab's actions remind us of the subtle ways idolatry can infiltrate our lives. We must be vigilant in identifying and removing anything that takes God's rightful place in our hearts.

The Call to Decision
Just as the Israelites were called to choose between Yahweh and Baal, we are continually faced with choices that test our allegiance to God. We must decide whom we will serve.

The Role of Leadership
Ahab's poor leadership led Israel into sin. This underscores the importance of godly leadership in guiding others toward righteousness.

The Power of Godly Confrontation
Elijah's boldness in confronting false prophets teaches us the importance of standing firm in our faith and speaking truth in the face of opposition.

The Significance of Place
Mount Carmel serves as a reminder that God often uses specific places and moments in our lives to bring about spiritual renewal and decision.
Bible Study Questions
1. What are some modern-day "idols" that can distract us from fully serving God, and how can we identify them in our lives?

2. How does the account of Elijah on Mount Carmel encourage us to stand firm in our faith when faced with cultural pressures?

3. In what ways can we ensure that our leadership, whether in family, church, or community, aligns with God's principles?

4. How can we discern when God is calling us to confront falsehoods or sin in our own lives or in the lives of others?

5. Reflect on a "Mount Carmel" moment in your life where you had to make a decisive choice for God. What was the outcome, and how did it strengthen your faith?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:3-5
The commandment against idolatry highlights the spiritual conflict in Israel, as they were violating this command by worshiping Baal.

James 5:17-18
References Elijah's fervent prayer and the power of a righteous person's prayer, connecting to Elijah's role in the events on Mount Carmel.

Matthew 6:24
Jesus' teaching on serving two masters relates to the Israelites' divided loyalty between Yahweh and Baal.
Elijah and the Prophets of BaalE. De Pressense 1 Kings 18:1-46
Deliverance from the Mouth of the LionF. W. Krummacher, D. D.1 Kings 18:17-20
Elijah Meeting AhabMonday Club Sermons1 Kings 18:17-20
Christ or Belial!J.A. Macdonald 1 Kings 18:19-21
Elijah and the Prophets of BaalJ. H. Cadoux.1 Kings 18:19-40
Elijah and the Prophets of BaalC. J. Baldwin.1 Kings 18:19-40
The Priests of BaalMonday Club Sermons1 Kings 18:19-40
The Prophet of the LordH. M. Booth, D. D.1 Kings 18:19-40
People
Ahab, Elijah, Isaac, Jacob, Jezebel, Jezreel, Obadiah
Places
Jezreel, Kishon River, Mount Carmel, Samaria, Zarephath
Topics
Ahab, Assembled, Carmel, Gathered, Gathereth, Got, Message, Mount, Prophets, Sons, Throughout
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Kings 18:16-40

     4254   mountains
     5541   society, negative

1 Kings 18:17-40

     8747   false gods

1 Kings 18:18-21

     7734   leaders, spiritual

1 Kings 18:19-40

     7774   prophets, false

1 Kings 18:20-29

     5092   Elijah

1 Kings 18:20-39

     7712   convincing

Library
Obadiah
To the Young '... I thy servant fear the Lord from my youth.--1 KINGS xviii.12. This Obadiah is one of the obscurer figures in the Old Testament. We never hear of him again, for there is no reason to accept the Jewish tradition which alleges that he was Obadiah the prophet. And yet how distinctly he stands out from the canvas, though he is only sketched with a few bold outlines! He is the 'governor over Ahab's house,' a kind of mayor of the palace, and probably the second man in the kingdom. But
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Trial by Fire
'And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose yon one bullock for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call on the name of your gods, but put no fire under. 26. And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made. 27. And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Elijah's Appeal to the Undecided
Now, we have these three classes here this morning. We have, I hope, a very large number who are on Jehovah's side, who fear God and serve him; we have a number who are on the side of the evil one, who make no profession of religion, and do not observe even the outward symptoms of it; because they are both inwardly and outwardly the servants of the evil one. But the great mass of my hearers belong to the third class--the waverers. Like empty clouds they are driven hither and thither by the wind;
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 3: 1857

Obadiah; Or, Early Piety Eminent Piety
The Lord does not love that his servants, however great they are, should think lightly of their lesser comrades, and it occurs to me that he so arranged matters that Obadiah became important to Elijah when he had to face the wrathful king of Israel. The prophet is bidden to go and show himself to Ahab, and he does so; but he judges it better to begin by showing himself to the governor of his palace, that he may break the news to his master, and prepare him for the interview. Ahab was exasperated
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 30: 1884

The Prophet Hosea.
GENERAL PRELIMINARY REMARKS. That the kingdom of Israel was the object of the prophet's ministry is so evident, that upon this point all are, and cannot but be, agreed. But there is a difference of opinion as to whether the prophet was a fellow-countryman of those to whom he preached, or was called by God out of the kingdom of Judah. The latter has been asserted with great confidence by Maurer, among others, in his Observ. in Hos., in the Commentat. Theol. ii. i. p. 293. But the arguments
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

But Some one Will Say, Does He not Know Without a Monitor Both what Our...
But some one will say, Does he not know without a monitor both what our difficulties are, and what is meet for our interest, so that it seems in some measure superfluous to solicit him by our prayers, as if he were winking, or even sleeping, until aroused by the sound of our voice? [1] Those who argue thus attend not to the end for which the Lord taught us to pray. It was not so much for his sake as for ours. He wills indeed, as is just, that due honour be paid him by acknowledging that all which
John Calvin—Of Prayer--A Perpetual Exercise of Faith

Selfishness and Prayer. A Contrast.
"So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel, and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees."--1 KINGS xviii. 42. WHAT A CONTRAST! And yet, both men were perfectly consistent. It is in each case what you would expect, and yet how differently it might have been. What a different story it would have been if only Ahab had listened to the teaching of God! How often we see men having chances of turning round and beginning a new
Thomas Champness—Broken Bread

The West Coast of Galilee-Carmel.
The people of Issachar had "Carmel and the river for their bounds in length": the people of Zabulon, "Carmel and the sea." Carmel was not so much one mountain as a mountainous country, containing almost the whole breadth of the land of Issachar, and a great part of that of Zabulon. It was, as it seems, a certain famous peak among many other mountain tops, known by the same name, lifted up and advanced above the rest. The promontory Carmel, in Pliny, and in the mountain a town of the same name, heretofore
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Ninth Sunday after Trinity. How Long Halt Ye Between Two Opinions? if the Lord be God, Follow Him; but if Baal, Then Follow Him.
How long halt ye between two opinions? If the Lord be God, follow Him; but if Baal, then follow him. Was kinket ihr betrognen Seelen [106]Lehr. 1733. trans. by Catherine Winkworth, 1855 Why halt thus, O deluded heart, Why waver longer in thy choice? Is it so hard to choose the part Offered by Heaven's entreating voice? Oh look with clearer eyes again, Nor strive to enter in, in vain. Press on! Remember, 'tis not Caesar's throne, Nor earthly honour, wealth or might Whereby God's favour shall be
Catherine Winkworth—Lyra Germanica: The Christian Year

Fall of the Western Empire (Ad 451-476)
The empire of the West was now fast sinking. One weak prince was at the head of it after another, and the spirit of the old Romans, who had conquered the world, had quite died out. Immense hosts of barbarous nations poured in from the North. The Goths, under Alaric, who took Rome by siege, in the reign of Honorius, have been already mentioned (p 93). Forty years later, Attila, king of the Huns, who was called "The scourge of God," kept both the East and the West in terror. In the year 451, he advanced
J. C. Roberston—Sketches of Church History, from AD 33 to the Reformation

Will the Knowledge that Some of Our Own are Lost, Mar Our Happiness in Heaven?
This is a difficult question to answer satisfactorily, on account of our instinctive feelings of natural affection, which arise, and, like a mist, obscure our judgment. Nevertheless, the difficulty is much lessened, and even entirely removed from some minds, at hast, by the following considerations. 1. Our happiness, even in this world, does not depend on the happiness of those who are bound to us by the ties of kindred or of friendship. This is especially the case when their unhappiness proceeds
F. J. Boudreaux—The Happiness of Heaven

Of Prayer --A Perpetual Exercise of Faith. The Daily Benefits Derived from It.
1. A general summary of what is contained in the previous part of the work. A transition to the doctrine of prayer. Its connection with the subject of faith. 2. Prayer defined. Its necessity and use. 3. Objection, that prayer seems useless, because God already knows our wants. Answer, from the institution and end of prayer. Confirmation by example. Its necessity and propriety. Perpetually reminds us of our duty, and leads to meditation on divine providence. Conclusion. Prayer a most useful exercise.
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

This was Antony's First Struggle against the Devil...
7. This was Antony's first struggle against the devil, or rather this victory was the Saviour's work in Antony [1005] , Who condemned sin in the flesh that the ordinance of the law might be fulfilled in us who walk not after the flesh but after the spirit.' But neither did Antony, although the evil one had fallen, henceforth relax his care and despise him; nor did the enemy as though conquered cease to lay snares for him. For again he went round as a lion seeking some occasion against him. But Antony
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Upon Our Lord's SermonOn the Mount
Discourse 7 "Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance. For they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward. But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face; That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father which is in secret: And thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly." Matthew 6:16-18. 1. It has been the endeavour of Satan, from the beginning of the world,
John Wesley—Sermons on Several Occasions

Subterraneous Places. Mines. Caves.
Thus having taken some notice of the superficies of the land, let us a little search into its bowels. You may divide the subterraneous country into three parts: the metal mines, the caves, and the places of burial. This land was eminently noted for metal mines, so that "its stones," in very many places, "were iron, and out of its hills was digged brass," Deuteronomy 8:9. From these gain accrued to the Jews: but to the Christians, not seldom slavery and misery; being frequently condemned hither by
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The First Commandment
Thou shalt have no other gods before me.' Exod 20: 3. Why is the commandment in the second person singular, Thou? Why does not God say, You shall have no other gods? Because the commandment concerns every one, and God would have each one take it as spoken to him by name. Though we are forward to take privileges to ourselves, yet we are apt to shift off duties from ourselves to others; therefore the commandment is in the second person, Thou and Thou, that every one may know that it is spoken to him,
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Prayer
But I give myself unto prayer.' Psa 109: 4. I shall not here expatiate upon prayer, as it will be considered more fully in the Lord's prayer. It is one thing to pray, and another thing to be given to prayer: he who prays frequently, is said to be given to prayer; as he who often distributes alms, is said to be given to charity. Prayer is a glorious ordinance, it is the soul's trading with heaven. God comes down to us by his Spirit, and we go up to him by prayer. What is prayer? It is an offering
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Of Passages from the Holy Scriptures, and from the Apocrypha, which are Quoted, or Incidentally Illustrated, in the Institutes.
TO THE AUTHORS QUOTED IN THE INSTITUTES PREFATORY ADDRESS TO HIS MOST CHRISTIAN MAJESTY, THE MOST MIGHTY AND ILLUSTRIOUS MONARCH, FRANCIS, KING OF THE FRENCH, HIS SOVEREIGN; [1] JOHN CALVIN PRAYS PEACE AND SALVATION IN CHRIST. [2] Sire,--When I first engaged in this work, nothing was farther from my thoughts than to write what should afterwards be presented to your Majesty. My intention was only to furnish a kind of rudiments, by which those who feel some interest in religion might be trained to
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

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