Definition and Etymology:
Shrewdness, in a biblical context, refers to astuteness or sharpness in practical matters, often associated with wisdom and discernment. The term is derived from the Old English "schrewed," which originally meant "wicked" or "evil" but evolved to denote cleverness and keen insight. In Scripture, shrewdness can have both positive and negative connotations, depending on its application and the moral character of the individual.

Biblical Usage:
The Bible presents shrewdness as a quality that can be either virtuous or deceitful. It is often linked with wisdom and prudence when used righteously, but it can also describe cunning and craftiness when employed for selfish or malevolent purposes.

Positive Aspects of Shrewdness:
1. Wisdom and Prudence: Shrewdness is commended when it aligns with godly wisdom and is used to navigate life's complexities. In Proverbs 8:12 , wisdom is personified and states, "I, wisdom, dwell together with prudence, and I find knowledge and discretion." Here, prudence is akin to shrewdness, suggesting that a wise person is discerning and judicious.

2. Strategic Thinking: Jesus commends shrewdness in the context of being wise and strategic. In Matthew 10:16 , He instructs His disciples, "Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves; therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves." This highlights the need for believers to be perceptive and cautious while maintaining integrity.

3. Resourcefulness: The Parable of the Shrewd Manager in Luke 16:1-9 illustrates the use of shrewdness in managing resources. Although the manager's actions are ethically questionable, Jesus uses the parable to teach the importance of being resourceful and forward-thinking in spiritual matters.

Negative Aspects of Shrewdness:
1. Deceit and Craftiness: Shrewdness becomes negative when it involves deceit or manipulation. In Genesis 3:1 , the serpent is described as "more crafty than any beast of the field that the LORD God had made." This craftiness led to the deception of Eve, highlighting the potential for shrewdness to be used for evil.

2. Selfish Ambition: James 3:14-16 warns against a form of wisdom that is "earthly, unspiritual, demonic," characterized by "bitter jealousy and selfish ambition." Such shrewdness is self-serving and ultimately destructive.

3. Worldly Wisdom: The Apostle Paul contrasts godly wisdom with worldly shrewdness in 1 Corinthians 3:19 , stating, "For the wisdom of this world is foolishness in God’s sight." This underscores the futility of shrewdness that is not rooted in the fear of the Lord.

Examples in Scripture:
· Joseph: Demonstrated shrewdness in interpreting Pharaoh's dreams and devising a plan to save Egypt from famine (Genesis 41:33-36).
· David: Exhibited shrewdness in his interactions with Saul, avoiding conflict while maintaining his integrity (1 Samuel 18:14-15).
· The Pharisees: Often displayed negative shrewdness, using their knowledge of the law to entrap Jesus (Matthew 22:15).

Theological Implications:
Shrewdness, when aligned with godly wisdom, is a valuable trait for believers, enabling them to navigate the challenges of life with discernment and integrity. However, when divorced from righteousness, it can lead to deceit and moral compromise. The Bible encourages believers to seek wisdom from above, characterized by purity, peace, and sincerity (James 3:17), ensuring that their shrewdness serves God's purposes and reflects His character.