The term "stiff-necked" is a metaphorical expression found in the Bible, used to describe individuals or groups who are obstinate, stubborn, and resistant to guidance or correction. This term is often associated with a refusal to submit to God's will or to heed His commandments. The imagery of a "stiff neck" suggests an animal, such as an ox, that refuses to be directed by its master, highlighting the rebellious nature of the person or people being described.

Biblical References:

1. Exodus 32:9 : "The LORD also said to Moses, 'I have seen this people, and they are indeed a stiff-necked people.'" This verse occurs in the context of the Israelites' idolatry with the golden calf. Despite witnessing God's miracles and deliverance from Egypt, the Israelites quickly turned to idol worship, demonstrating their stubbornness and lack of faith.

2. Deuteronomy 9:6 : "Understand, then, that it is not because of your righteousness that the LORD your God is giving you this good land to possess, for you are a stiff-necked people." Here, Moses reminds the Israelites that their possession of the Promised Land is not due to their own merit but is a result of God's promise and grace, despite their persistent rebellion.

3. 2 Chronicles 30:8 : "Now do not stiffen your necks as your fathers did. Submit to the LORD and come to His sanctuary, which He has consecrated forever. Serve the LORD your God, so that His fierce anger will turn away from you." This verse is part of King Hezekiah's call to the people of Judah and Israel to return to the Lord and celebrate the Passover, urging them to abandon the stubbornness of their ancestors.

4. Acts 7:51 : "You stiff-necked people with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit, just as your fathers did." In the New Testament, Stephen uses this term in his speech before the Sanhedrin, accusing the Jewish leaders of resisting God's Spirit and rejecting the prophets, culminating in their betrayal and murder of the Righteous One, Jesus Christ.

Theological Implications:

The concept of being "stiff-necked" is significant in biblical theology as it underscores the human tendency toward sin and rebellion against God. It serves as a warning against pride and self-reliance, emphasizing the need for humility and submission to divine authority. The repeated use of this term throughout Scripture highlights the persistent struggle between human willfulness and God's call to obedience.

Moral and Spiritual Lessons:

1. Humility and Submission: The stiff-necked person is a cautionary example of the dangers of pride and self-will. Believers are encouraged to cultivate humility and a willingness to be led by God, recognizing His wisdom and authority.

2. Repentance and Obedience: The call to not be stiff-necked is a call to repentance and a return to faithful obedience. It is a reminder that God's patience has limits, and persistent rebellion can lead to judgment.

3. Listening to God: The metaphor of a stiff neck is often linked with an inability or unwillingness to listen. Spiritual growth requires an open heart and ears attuned to God's voice, ready to respond to His guidance.

In summary, the "stiff-necked person" serves as a powerful biblical symbol of resistance to God, urging believers to examine their own hearts and attitudes, and to seek a life of obedience and submission to the Lord.