The phrase "Sons of God and Daughters of Men" appears in the early chapters of Genesis, specifically in Genesis 6:1-4. This passage has been the subject of much theological discussion and interpretation throughout the history of biblical scholarship. The Berean Standard Bible renders this passage as follows:

"When men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful, and they took as wives whomever they chose. So the LORD said, 'My Spirit will not contend with man forever, for he is mortal; his days shall be 120 years.' The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and afterward as well—when the sons of God had relations with the daughters of men. And they bore them children who became the mighty men of old, men of renown." (Genesis 6:1-4)

Interpretations:

1. Angelic Interpretation:
One of the oldest interpretations, supported by early Jewish literature such as the Book of Enoch, suggests that the "sons of God" were fallen angels who took human wives. This view is based on the understanding of "sons of God" as divine beings, a term used elsewhere in the Old Testament (e.g., Job 1:6, 2:1) to refer to angelic beings. This union between angels and human women is believed to have produced the Nephilim, a race of giants or mighty men.

2. Sethite Interpretation:
Another interpretation posits that the "sons of God" were the descendants of Seth, Adam's son, who were faithful to God, while the "daughters of men" were the descendants of Cain, who were not. This view suggests a mingling of the godly line of Seth with the ungodly line of Cain, leading to moral corruption and the eventual judgment of the Flood.

3. Royal or Noble Interpretation:
A third interpretation suggests that the "sons of God" were powerful rulers or nobles who took women from the general population as they pleased, possibly in a polygamous or oppressive manner. This view sees the term "sons of God" as a reference to human leaders who acted with divine-like authority.

Theological Implications:

The passage raises significant theological questions about the nature of sin, divine judgment, and the boundaries between the divine and human realms. The actions of the "sons of God" and the resulting corruption of humanity are seen as a prelude to the great judgment of the Flood, highlighting the seriousness with which God views the violation of His created order.

Nephilim:

The Nephilim, mentioned in Genesis 6:4, are described as "mighty men of old, men of renown." The exact nature of the Nephilim is debated, with some viewing them as giants or warriors of great strength and reputation. Their presence on earth is often associated with the increased wickedness that led to the Flood.

New Testament References:

The New Testament makes indirect references to this passage. Jude 1:6 and 2 Peter 2:4 speak of angels who sinned and were cast into darkness, which some scholars connect to the Genesis account. These references are often used to support the angelic interpretation of the "sons of God."

Cultural and Historical Context:

Understanding the cultural and historical context of the ancient Near East is crucial for interpreting this passage. Similar accounts of divine beings interacting with humans are found in other ancient mythologies, suggesting a common cultural motif that the biblical text addresses within its theological framework.

The account of the "sons of God and daughters of men" remains a complex and intriguing passage that continues to inspire discussion and debate among theologians, historians, and biblical scholars.