Definition and Overview:
Presumption, in a biblical context, refers to an overstepping of bounds, often characterized by arrogance or audacity in assuming something without right or permission. It is an attitude that disregards the sovereignty and holiness of God, leading individuals to act beyond their God-given authority or to take liberties with divine grace. Presumption is a serious offense in Scripture, as it reflects a heart that is not fully submitted to God's will and commands.

Biblical Instances and Teachings:

1. Old Testament Examples:
· Nadab and Abihu (Leviticus 10:1-2): The sons of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, offered unauthorized fire before the Lord, which He had not commanded them. Their presumption in worship led to their immediate death by divine fire, illustrating the seriousness of approaching God on one's own terms rather than His.
· Korah's Rebellion (Numbers 16): Korah, along with Dathan, Abiram, and others, presumed to challenge the God-ordained leadership of Moses and Aaron. Their rebellion was met with severe judgment as the earth opened up and swallowed them, demonstrating the danger of presuming upon God's established order.

2. Warnings in the Psalms:
· Psalm 19:13 : "Keep Your servant also from willful sins; may they not rule over me. Then I will be blameless and cleansed of great transgression." This verse highlights the psalmist's plea for protection against presumptuous sins, recognizing them as a gateway to greater transgressions.

3. New Testament Teachings:
· The Temptation of Jesus (Matthew 4:5-7): During His temptation, Jesus was urged by Satan to throw Himself down from the pinnacle of the temple, presuming upon God's protection. Jesus responded by quoting Scripture, "Do not put the Lord your God to the test" (Deuteronomy 6:16), underscoring the sinfulness of presuming upon God's promises without His directive.
· James 4:13-16 : "Come now, you who say, 'Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business, and make a profit.' You do not even know what will happen tomorrow! What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes. Instead, you ought to say, 'If the Lord is willing, we will live and do this or that.' As it is, you boast in your proud intentions. All such boasting is evil." This passage warns against the presumption of making plans without acknowledging God's sovereignty and will.

Theological Implications:
Presumption is fundamentally a theological issue, as it challenges the nature of God's authority and the believer's relationship with Him. It reflects a lack of faith and humility, often leading to disobedience and rebellion. The seriousness of presumption lies in its potential to lead individuals away from a life of submission and obedience to God, resulting in spiritual peril.

Practical Considerations:
Believers are called to cultivate a heart of humility and dependence on God, recognizing their limitations and the need for divine guidance. This involves a conscious effort to seek God's will in all matters, avoiding the temptation to act independently of His direction. Prayer, study of Scripture, and a community of accountability are essential tools in guarding against the sin of presumption.