The Bible provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the role of government and authority, emphasizing their divine ordination, purpose, and the responsibilities of both rulers and citizens. Scripture underscores the importance of government as an institution established by God to maintain order, execute justice, and promote the common good.

Divine Ordination of Government

The Bible clearly states that all authority is established by God. In Romans 13:1-2 , the Apostle Paul writes, "Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves." This passage highlights the divine origin of governmental authority and the expectation of submission to it.

Purpose of Government

The primary purpose of government, as outlined in Scripture, is to maintain order and execute justice. Romans 13:3-4 states, "For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Do what is right, and you will have his approval. For he is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not carry the sword in vain. He is God’s servant, an agent of retribution to bring punishment on the wrongdoer." Here, government is depicted as a servant of God, tasked with rewarding good behavior and punishing evil, thereby promoting societal order and justice.

Responsibilities of Rulers

Scripture also outlines the responsibilities of those in positions of authority. Leaders are called to govern with justice, wisdom, and integrity. Proverbs 8:15-16 declares, "By me kings reign, and rulers enact just laws; by me princes govern, and all nobles who rule on earth." This passage emphasizes the need for rulers to seek divine wisdom in their governance. Additionally, 2 Samuel 23:3-4 states, "The God of Israel spoke; the Rock of Israel said to me, 'He who rules the people with justice, who rules in the fear of God, is like the light of morning at sunrise on a cloudless morning, like the brightness after rain that brings grass from the earth.'" Rulers are thus called to lead with a reverence for God and a commitment to justice.

Responsibilities of Citizens

Citizens, in turn, have a responsibility to respect and obey governing authorities, as long as such obedience does not conflict with God's commands. 1 Peter 2:13-14 instructs, "Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether to the king as the supreme authority, or to governors as those sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right." This submission is an act of obedience to God, recognizing His sovereignty over all earthly authorities.

Limits of Authority

While the Bible calls for submission to government, it also acknowledges the limits of human authority. Acts 5:29 records the apostles' response to the Sanhedrin: "But Peter and the other apostles replied, 'We must obey God rather than men.'" When human laws conflict with God's commands, believers are called to prioritize obedience to God.

Prayer for Authorities

Believers are encouraged to pray for those in authority, recognizing the significant responsibility they bear. 1 Timothy 2:1-2 urges, "First of all, then, I urge that petitions, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgiving be offered for everyone—for kings and all those in authority—so that we may lead tranquil and quiet lives in all godliness and dignity." Prayer for leaders is seen as a means of seeking God's guidance and blessing upon their governance.

In summary, the Bible presents government as a divinely instituted authority with the purpose of maintaining order and justice. Both rulers and citizens have distinct responsibilities, with the ultimate allegiance of believers being to God.