The term "apostle" originates from the Greek word "apostolos," meaning "one who is sent out." In the New Testament, apostles are primarily recognized as the foundational leaders of the early Christian Church, chosen and commissioned by Jesus Christ Himself. Their role was multifaceted, encompassing preaching, teaching, establishing churches, and authoritatively conveying the teachings of Christ.

Selection and Commissioning

The selection of the apostles is a significant event in the Gospels. Jesus chose twelve men from among His disciples to be His apostles (Luke 6:13). This group included Peter, James, John, and others who were tasked with spreading the Gospel and establishing the early Church. The apostles were given unique authority and power, as seen in Matthew 10:1 : "Jesus called His twelve disciples to Him and gave them authority over unclean spirits, so that they could drive them out and heal every disease and sickness."

Witnesses of the Resurrection

A critical qualification for apostleship was being a witness to the resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is emphasized in Acts 1:22 , where Peter speaks of the need to replace Judas Iscariot: "beginning from John's baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection." The apostles' firsthand experience with the risen Christ was essential for their testimony and proclamation of the Gospel.

Foundational Role in the Church

The apostles played a foundational role in the establishment of the Church. Ephesians 2:20 describes the Church as "built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the cornerstone." Their teachings and writings, inspired by the Holy Spirit, form the doctrinal basis for Christian faith and practice. The apostles were instrumental in the spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, as they traveled extensively to preach and establish new congregations.

Authority and Teaching

Apostolic authority was recognized and respected within the early Church. The apostles were responsible for maintaining doctrinal purity and addressing theological disputes. For instance, the Council of Jerusalem, as recorded in Acts 15, was convened to resolve the issue of Gentile circumcision, with the apostles playing a central role in the decision-making process. Their teachings, as recorded in the New Testament, continue to guide Christian doctrine and practice.

Signs and Wonders

The apostles were endowed with the ability to perform signs and wonders, which served to authenticate their message and ministry. Acts 5:12 states, "The apostles performed many signs and wonders among the people, and with one accord the believers gathered together in Solomon's Colonnade." These miraculous acts were a testament to the divine authority bestowed upon them and helped to confirm the truth of the Gospel.

Succession and Legacy

While the original apostles held a unique and unrepeatable office, their legacy continues through the Church's ongoing mission. The concept of apostolic succession, though interpreted differently across Christian traditions, underscores the importance of maintaining continuity with the teachings and mission of the apostles. The New Testament epistles, many of which were authored by apostles such as Paul, Peter, and John, remain central to Christian theology and ecclesial life.

In summary, the apostles were divinely appointed leaders whose role was crucial in the establishment and expansion of the early Church. Their witness to the resurrection, authoritative teaching, and miraculous works laid the groundwork for the spread of Christianity and the development of its foundational doctrines.