The concept of the Pre-Incarnate Christ refers to the existence and activity of Jesus Christ before His incarnation as a human being. This theological understanding is rooted in the belief that Jesus, as the second person of the Trinity, existed eternally with God the Father and the Holy Spirit. The Pre-Incarnate Christ is seen as active in creation, revelation, and theophanies throughout the Old Testament.

Eternal Existence and Divine Nature

The Gospel of John provides a foundational text for understanding the eternal existence of Christ. John 1:1-3 states, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through Him all things were made, and without Him nothing was made that has been made." This passage affirms the divine nature and eternal presence of Christ, identifying Him as the "Word" (Logos) who was both with God and was God.

Christ in Creation

The role of the Pre-Incarnate Christ in creation is further emphasized in Colossians 1:16-17 : "For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities. All things were created through Him and for Him. He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together." This passage highlights Christ's preeminence and active participation in the creation of the universe, underscoring His sovereignty and sustaining power.

Theophanies and Christophanies

Throughout the Old Testament, there are several instances where the Pre-Incarnate Christ is believed to have appeared in visible form, often referred to as theophanies or Christophanies. One notable example is the appearance of the "Angel of the LORD." In Exodus 3:2-6 , the Angel of the LORD appears to Moses in the burning bush, and the text reveals that God is speaking through this angelic figure. Many theologians interpret this as a manifestation of the Pre-Incarnate Christ.

Another significant Christophany is found in Genesis 18, where three visitors appear to Abraham. One of these visitors is often understood to be the Pre-Incarnate Christ, as the narrative describes the LORD speaking directly to Abraham (Genesis 18:1-33).

Wisdom Literature and Prophetic References

The Pre-Incarnate Christ is also seen in the wisdom literature and prophetic writings of the Old Testament. Proverbs 8:22-31 personifies wisdom in a way that many scholars associate with Christ, describing wisdom's presence and role in creation. Additionally, prophetic texts such as Isaiah 9:6 foretell the coming of a divine child, "For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government will be upon His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace."

Conclusion

The Pre-Incarnate Christ is a profound aspect of Christian theology, emphasizing the eternal nature and divine activity of Jesus Christ before His incarnation. Through creation, theophanies, and prophetic revelation, the Pre-Incarnate Christ is seen as actively involved in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan throughout history.