Definition and Context
Famine, as depicted in the Bible, is a severe shortage of food resulting in widespread hunger and distress. It is often portrayed as a divine instrument of judgment or a test of faith, serving as a backdrop for significant biblical narratives. The onset of famine is frequently linked to moral and spiritual conditions, as well as natural phenomena such as drought or pestilence.

Biblical Instances
The Bible records several instances of famine, each with its own theological and historical significance. One of the earliest mentions is found in Genesis 12:10, where Abram (later Abraham) journeys to Egypt due to a severe famine in Canaan: "Now there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down to Egypt to live there for a while, because the famine was severe." This event sets the stage for God's providential care and the unfolding of His covenant promises.

Another significant famine occurs during the time of Joseph, as described in Genesis 41. Pharaoh's dreams, interpreted by Joseph, foretell seven years of abundance followed by seven years of severe famine. Joseph's rise to power and his strategic management of resources not only save Egypt but also preserve the nascent nation of Israel. Genesis 41:54 states, "And the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all the other lands, but in the whole land of Egypt there was food."

In the period of the Judges, Ruth 1:1 recounts a famine that drives Elimelech and his family from Bethlehem to Moab: "In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a man from Bethlehem in Judah went to live in the country of Moab, he and his wife and his two sons." This narrative highlights themes of loyalty, redemption, and divine providence, culminating in the lineage of King David.

The reign of King David also witnesses famine, as recorded in 2 Samuel 21:1: "During the reign of David, there was a famine for three successive years; so David sought the face of the LORD." This famine is attributed to Saul's bloodguilt against the Gibeonites, illustrating the interconnectedness of sin, justice, and divine intervention.

Prophetic and Eschatological Dimensions
The prophets frequently warn of famine as a consequence of Israel's disobedience and idolatry. In Amos 8:11, the Lord declares, "Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord GOD, when I will send a famine on the land—not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of the LORD." This metaphorical famine underscores the spiritual desolation resulting from estrangement from God.

In the New Testament, famine is mentioned in the context of eschatological events. Jesus, in His Olivet Discourse, includes famine among the signs of the end times: "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places" (Matthew 24:7). This apocalyptic vision serves as a call to vigilance and faithfulness in anticipation of Christ's return.

Theological Implications
The onset of famine in the biblical narrative often serves as a catalyst for divine intervention and revelation. It challenges individuals and nations to trust in God's provision and sovereignty. Famine underscores human dependence on God and the futility of relying solely on earthly resources. It also provides a context for demonstrating compassion and generosity, as seen in the early church's response to famine in Acts 11:28-30, where believers in Antioch send relief to the brethren in Judea.

Conclusion
While the Bible presents famine as a harsh reality, it also reveals God's redemptive purposes through such trials. The narratives of famine invite believers to reflect on their spiritual condition, to seek God's guidance, and to act with faith and compassion in times of need.