In biblical times, the engagement period, often referred to as betrothal, was a significant and binding commitment between a man and a woman, preceding marriage. This period was more formal and binding than modern-day engagements, often requiring a formal divorce to break. The man who is engaged to a woman is expected to uphold certain responsibilities and conduct himself in a manner that honors both his future wife and God.

Biblical Context and Cultural Practices

The concept of betrothal is deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices of ancient Israel. Betrothal was a formal agreement, often arranged by the families, and was considered as binding as marriage itself. The man, during this period, was referred to as the "bridegroom" and the woman as the "bride," even though the marriage had not yet been consummated.

In Deuteronomy 20:7, the law provides an exemption for a man who is betrothed: "Has any man become pledged to a woman and not married her? Let him go back to his house, so that he may not die in battle and another man marry her." This indicates the seriousness of the engagement, as the man is given the opportunity to marry his betrothed before fulfilling other obligations, such as military service.

Moral and Ethical Responsibilities

The man who is engaged to a woman is expected to maintain purity and fidelity. In Matthew 1:18-19, we see the example of Joseph, who was betrothed to Mary. When he discovered that Mary was pregnant, "Joseph her husband, being a righteous man and unwilling to disgrace her publicly, resolved to divorce her quietly." Joseph's actions reflect the righteousness and integrity expected of a man during the betrothal period. He sought to protect Mary's dignity while considering the situation, demonstrating compassion and adherence to moral principles.

Legal and Social Implications

The betrothal period was legally binding, and breaking it required a formal process akin to divorce. In the case of infidelity, the consequences were severe. Deuteronomy 22:23-24 outlines the punishment for a betrothed woman found guilty of infidelity, emphasizing the gravity of the commitment: "If there is a virgin pledged in marriage to a man, and another man encounters her in the city and lies with her, you must take both of them to the gate of that city and stone them to death."

Spiritual Significance

The engagement period is also symbolic of the relationship between Christ and the Church. In 2 Corinthians 11:2, Paul writes, "I am jealous for you with a godly jealousy. For I promised you to one husband, to present you as a pure virgin to Christ." This metaphor highlights the purity, commitment, and anticipation that should characterize the relationship between a man and his betrothed, reflecting the ultimate union between Christ and His followers.

Conclusion

The man who is engaged to a woman in biblical times was expected to uphold a high standard of conduct, reflecting the sanctity and seriousness of the betrothal period. This commitment served as a foundation for a lifelong covenant of marriage, rooted in love, fidelity, and mutual respect.