Iniquity, a term frequently encountered in the Bible, refers to moral perversity, wickedness, or sinfulness. It is often used to describe actions that are contrary to the righteousness and holiness of God. The concept of iniquity is deeply rooted in the biblical narrative, illustrating the human condition and the need for divine redemption.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word most commonly translated as "iniquity" is "avon," which conveys the idea of guilt or the consequences of sin. Iniquity is often associated with the breaking of God's commandments and the resulting separation from Him. For instance, in Isaiah 59:2 , it is written, "But your iniquities have built barriers between you and your God, and your sins have hidden His face from you, so that He will not hear."

The concept of iniquity is also linked to the idea of bearing one's own sin. Leviticus 5:17 states, "If someone sins and violates any of the LORD’s commandments even though he was unaware, he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity." This underscores the seriousness of iniquity and the inherent responsibility of the sinner.

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the Greek word "anomia" is often translated as "iniquity" or "lawlessness." It signifies a state of being without law or in rebellion against God's law. Jesus addresses iniquity in Matthew 7:23 , saying, "Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’" This passage highlights the ultimate consequence of iniquity—separation from Christ.

The Apostle Paul also speaks of iniquity in the context of human nature and the struggle against sin. In Romans 6:19 , he writes, "I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. Just as you used to offer the parts of your body in slavery to impurity and to escalating wickedness, so now offer them in slavery to righteousness leading to holiness."

Theological Implications

Iniquity is not merely an external act but a condition of the heart. It reflects a deeper moral corruption that affects one's relationship with God. Psalm 51:5 expresses this inherent sinfulness: "Surely I was brought forth in iniquity; I was sinful when my mother conceived me." This verse underscores the belief in original sin, suggesting that iniquity is an innate part of the human condition.

The Bible also presents a solution to the problem of iniquity through repentance and divine forgiveness. In Isaiah 53:5-6 , the prophecy of the Suffering Servant reveals the redemptive work of Christ: "But He was pierced for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed. We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all."

Practical Application

Believers are called to recognize their iniquities and seek God's forgiveness. The process of sanctification involves turning away from iniquity and pursuing righteousness. In 2 Timothy 2:19 , Paul exhorts, "Nevertheless, God’s firm foundation stands, bearing this seal: ‘The Lord knows those who are His,’ and, ‘Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord must turn away from iniquity.’"

In summary, iniquity is a profound biblical concept that encapsulates the human propensity toward sin and the need for divine intervention. Through Christ's atoning sacrifice, believers are offered a path to reconciliation with God, emphasizing the transformative power of grace and the call to holiness.