The inheritance east of the Jordan River refers to the land allocated to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh before the Israelites crossed into the Promised Land west of the Jordan. This allocation is a significant event in the history of Israel, as it represents the fulfillment of God's promises and the establishment of the tribes in their respective territories.

Biblical Background

The narrative of the inheritance east of the Jordan is primarily found in the books of Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Joshua. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh requested this land because it was suitable for their large herds and flocks. Numbers 32:1-5 records their request: "The Reubenites and Gadites, who had very large herds and flocks, saw that the lands of Jazer and Gilead were suitable for livestock. So they came to Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the congregation and said, 'If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants as a possession. Do not make us cross the Jordan.'"

Moses' Response and Conditions

Moses initially expressed concern that their request might discourage the other Israelites from entering the Promised Land. However, the Reubenites and Gadites assured Moses that they would help their fellow Israelites conquer the land west of the Jordan before settling in their own inheritance. Numbers 32:20-22 details Moses' response: "If you do this—if you arm yourselves before the LORD for battle, and if every one of your armed men crosses the Jordan before the LORD until He has driven His enemies out before Him, then when the land is subdued before the LORD, you may return and be free of your obligation to the LORD and to Israel. And this land will be your possession before the LORD."

Allocation of the Land

The land east of the Jordan was rich and fertile, comprising territories such as Gilead and Bashan. In Deuteronomy 3:12-17 , Moses recounts the allocation: "At that time we took possession of this land. I gave to the Reubenites and Gadites the territory extending from Aroer by the Arnon Gorge, along with half the hill country of Gilead, together with its cities. The rest of Gilead and all of Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh."

Significance in Israel's History

The inheritance east of the Jordan holds theological and historical significance. It demonstrates God's faithfulness in providing for His people and highlights the unity and cooperation among the tribes of Israel. The agreement to assist in the conquest of Canaan before settling in their own land underscores the importance of collective responsibility and obedience to God's commands.

Challenges and Legacy

The tribes east of the Jordan faced unique challenges, including geographical separation from the rest of Israel and potential threats from neighboring nations. Despite these challenges, they played a crucial role in the history of Israel. The altar built by these tribes near the Jordan River, as recorded in Joshua 22, serves as a testament to their commitment to the LORD and their desire to maintain unity with the other tribes.

The inheritance east of the Jordan remains a testament to God's provision and the importance of faithfulness and unity among His people.