The concept of the "Four Horns" is primarily found in the Old Testament, specifically in the prophetic book of Zechariah. This imagery is rich in symbolism and is often interpreted within the context of God's dealings with the nations and His people, Israel.

Biblical Reference:

The primary reference to the Four Horns is found in Zechariah 1:18-21 :

"Then I looked up and saw four horns. So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, 'What are these?' And he told me, 'These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.' Then the LORD showed me four craftsmen. 'What are these coming to do?' I asked. And He replied, 'These are the horns that scattered Judah so that no one could raise his head, but the craftsmen have come to terrify them and to throw down these horns of the nations who have lifted up their horns against the land of Judah to scatter it.'"

Symbolism and Interpretation:

In biblical symbolism, horns often represent power, strength, and authority. In the context of Zechariah's vision, the four horns are understood to symbolize the powerful nations or empires that have oppressed and scattered the people of Israel and Judah. Historically, these could be associated with the empires that had significant interactions with Israel, such as Assyria, Babylon, Persia, and Greece.

The number four is often seen as representing universality or completeness in biblical literature, suggesting that these horns represent a comprehensive threat to God's people from all directions.

The Role of the Craftsmen:

Following the vision of the four horns, Zechariah sees four craftsmen. These craftsmen are divinely appointed agents who come to "terrify" and "throw down" the horns. This indicates God's sovereign intervention to dismantle the powers that have oppressed His people. The craftsmen symbolize God's instruments of judgment and restoration, ensuring that the oppressive forces are dealt with and that His people are protected and restored.

Theological Implications:

The vision of the Four Horns and the craftsmen underscores several key theological themes:

1. Divine Sovereignty: The passage highlights God's control over the nations and His ability to raise and depose powers according to His divine plan.

2. Judgment and Restoration: While the horns represent judgment upon Israel for their disobedience, the craftsmen signify God's promise of restoration and protection for His covenant people.

3. Hope and Encouragement: For the original audience, this vision would have been a source of hope, assuring them that despite their current circumstances, God was actively working to restore them and to judge their oppressors.

4. Prophetic Fulfillment: The vision also points to the broader prophetic narrative of God's ultimate plan for Israel and the nations, culminating in the messianic hope and the establishment of God's kingdom.

In summary, the Four Horns in Zechariah's vision serve as a powerful reminder of God's justice and mercy, His control over history, and His unwavering commitment to His covenant people.