The Kohathites were one of the three main divisions of the Levites, the descendants of Levi, who were set apart for specific duties related to the tabernacle and later the temple. The Kohathites were the descendants of Kohath, the second son of Levi, and their responsibilities were distinct from those of the other Levitical families, the Gershonites and the Merarites.

Biblical Foundation

The duties of the Kohathites are primarily outlined in the Book of Numbers. According to Numbers 4:1-20, the Kohathites were responsible for the most sacred objects of the tabernacle. This included the Ark of the Covenant, the table of showbread, the lampstand, the altars, and the sacred utensils used in the sanctuary service.

Specific Duties

1. Transporting the Holy Objects: The Kohathites were tasked with carrying the holy objects of the tabernacle during the Israelites' journeys. Numbers 4:15 states, "When Aaron and his sons have finished covering the holy objects and all the furnishings of the sanctuary, the camp is to set out, and the Kohathites are to come and carry them; but they must not touch the holy objects, or they will die." This highlights the sacredness and the gravity of their duties, as well as the need for utmost reverence and care.

2. Covering and Preparing the Sacred Items: Before the Kohathites could transport the sacred items, Aaron and his sons, the priests, were responsible for covering them with specific coverings to ensure they were not directly touched or seen. Numbers 4:5-14 details the process of covering each item with a blue cloth and a covering of fine leather, emphasizing the importance of maintaining the sanctity of these objects.

3. Prohibition Against Direct Contact: The Kohathites were strictly forbidden from touching or even looking at the holy objects uncovered, as stated in Numbers 4:20: "But the Kohathites must not go in to look at the holy objects, even for a moment, or they will die." This prohibition underscores the holiness of the objects and the need for the Kohathites to adhere strictly to the divine instructions.

Role in the Israelite Camp

The Kohathites camped on the south side of the tabernacle, as described in Numbers 3:29. Their position in the camp was strategic, allowing them to fulfill their duties efficiently during the Israelites' travels. The Kohathites were under the leadership of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, who had oversight of the sanctuary and its contents (Numbers 4:16).

Significance in Israelite Worship

The Kohathites played a crucial role in the worship and religious life of the Israelites. By carrying the most sacred objects, they ensured that the presence of God, symbolized by the Ark of the Covenant and other holy items, was central to the community's life and worship. Their duties were a constant reminder of the holiness of God and the need for purity and reverence in approaching Him.

Legacy

The Kohathites' responsibilities highlight the importance of obedience and reverence in the service of God. Their role in the tabernacle service set a precedent for the later temple service in Jerusalem, where the descendants of Kohath continued to serve in various capacities. The Kohathites' dedication to their duties serves as an enduring example of faithful service to God, emphasizing the sacredness of worship and the need for careful adherence to divine instructions.