The square, as a geometric shape, holds significant symbolic meaning within the biblical context, often representing concepts of stability, order, and perfection. Its four equal sides and angles make it a symbol of balance and integrity, reflecting divine order and the completeness of God's creation.

Biblical References and Symbolism

1. The Tabernacle and the Temple: The square is notably present in the design of sacred spaces, such as the Tabernacle and Solomon's Temple. The Holy of Holies, the innermost sanctuary where the Ark of the Covenant was kept, was a perfect square. This design underscores the idea of divine perfection and holiness. In 1 Kings 6:20, the dimensions of the inner sanctuary are described: "The inner sanctuary was twenty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and twenty cubits high. He overlaid it with pure gold and overlaid the cedar altar."

2. The New Jerusalem: In the vision of the New Jerusalem described in Revelation, the city is depicted as a perfect square, symbolizing the ultimate fulfillment of God's promise and the perfection of His eternal kingdom. Revelation 21:16 states, "The city lies foursquare, with its length the same as its width. And he measured the city with the rod: 12,000 stadia in length and width and height are equal." This imagery conveys the completeness and eternal stability of God's heavenly city.

3. The Altar: The altar of burnt offering in the Tabernacle was also square, as described in Exodus 27:1: "You are to construct the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide; the altar is to be square, and three cubits high." The square shape of the altar signifies the unchanging and perfect nature of the sacrifices offered to God, representing atonement and reconciliation.

4. The Breastplate of Judgment: The High Priest's breastplate, worn during his service in the Tabernacle, was square in shape. Exodus 28:16 describes it: "It is to be square when folded over, a span long and a span wide." This square breastplate, containing twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizes the comprehensive and equitable judgment of God.

Symbolic Interpretations

· Stability and Order: The square's equal sides and angles make it a symbol of stability and order, reflecting the divine nature of God's laws and commandments. It represents the unchanging truth and righteousness of God, as seen in the consistent and orderly structure of His creation.

· Perfection and Completeness: The square's geometric perfection is often associated with the completeness of God's work. In biblical symbolism, it represents the fullness of God's plan and the perfection of His will, as seen in the design of sacred spaces and the vision of the New Jerusalem.

· Equity and Justice: The square's uniformity also symbolizes equity and justice, reflecting God's fair and impartial nature. This is particularly evident in the design of the High Priest's breastplate, which signifies God's just and comprehensive judgment over His people.

In summary, the square serves as a powerful symbol in the Bible, representing divine order, stability, perfection, and justice. Its presence in the design of sacred spaces and objects underscores the completeness and holiness of God's creation and His eternal kingdom.