Sovereignty

Sovereignty, in the biblical context, refers to the supreme authority and power of God over all creation. It is the divine attribute that underscores God's ultimate control and governance over the universe, history, and the lives of individuals. The concept of God's sovereignty is foundational to understanding His nature and His interactions with the world.

The Bible affirms God's sovereignty in numerous passages. In Isaiah 46:9-10 , God declares, "Remember the former things of old; for I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like Me, declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, ‘My counsel shall stand, and I will accomplish all My purpose.’" This passage highlights God's unique ability to declare and bring about His purposes, emphasizing His control over time and events.

The sovereignty of God is also evident in His creation and sustenance of the world. Colossians 1:16-17 states, "For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities. All things were created through Him and for Him. He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together." This underscores that all creation exists by God's will and is sustained by His power.

God's sovereignty extends to the affairs of nations and rulers. Proverbs 21:1 illustrates this by saying, "The king’s heart is a waterway in the hand of the LORD; He directs it where He pleases." This metaphor indicates that even the decisions of powerful leaders are under God's control, aligning with His divine purposes.

Justice

Justice, as presented in the Bible, is an essential aspect of God's character and His dealings with humanity. It involves the fair and righteous administration of laws, ensuring that good is rewarded and evil is punished. God's justice is rooted in His holiness and righteousness, and it is reflected in His commands and judgments.

The Bible frequently emphasizes God's just nature. Deuteronomy 32:4 proclaims, "He is the Rock, His work is perfect; all His ways are just. A God of faithfulness without injustice, righteous and upright is He." This verse affirms that God's actions are inherently just, and His judgments are always right.

God's justice is also evident in His expectations for human conduct. Micah 6:8 instructs, "He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?" This passage highlights that justice is not only a divine attribute but also a moral obligation for humanity, reflecting God's desire for a just society.

The ultimate expression of God's justice is seen in the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Romans 3:25-26 explains, "God presented Him as the atoning sacrifice through faith in His blood, to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance He had passed over the sins committed beforehand. He did this to demonstrate His righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and to justify the one who has faith in Jesus." Through Christ's sacrifice, God upholds His justice while providing a means for sinners to be justified.

In the eschatological sense, God's justice will be fully realized at the end of time. Revelation 20:12 describes the final judgment: "And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged according to their deeds, as recorded in the books." This future judgment underscores the certainty of God's just rule and the ultimate accountability of all people.