Solomon's Servant refers to a group of individuals mentioned in the context of the post-exilic period of Israel's history. These servants were part of the larger community that returned to Jerusalem and Judah following the Babylonian exile. They are specifically noted in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, which detail the efforts to rebuild the Temple and the walls of Jerusalem, as well as the re-establishment of religious and social order.

Biblical References:

1. Ezra 2:55-58 : "The descendants of Solomon’s servants: the descendants of Sotai, the descendants of Hassophereth, the descendants of Peruda, the descendants of Jaalah, the descendants of Darkon, the descendants of Giddel, the descendants of Shephatiah, the descendants of Hattil, the descendants of Pochereth-hazzebaim, and the descendants of Ami. The temple servants and the descendants of Solomon’s servants numbered 392 in all."

2. Nehemiah 7:57-60 : "The descendants of Solomon’s servants: the descendants of Sotai, the descendants of Sophereth, the descendants of Perida, the descendants of Jaala, the descendants of Darkon, the descendants of Giddel, the descendants of Shephatiah, the descendants of Hattil, the descendants of Pochereth-hazzebaim, and the descendants of Amon. The temple servants and the descendants of Solomon’s servants numbered 392 in all."

Historical Context:

The descendants of Solomon's servants were likely the offspring of those who served in the royal court during King Solomon's reign. Solomon, known for his wisdom and the construction of the First Temple, had a vast and diverse administration. These servants were possibly non-Israelites who had been integrated into the Israelite community, serving in various capacities within the royal household and the Temple.

During the Babylonian exile, many Israelites, including those of royal and priestly lineage, were taken captive. Upon the decree of Cyrus the Great, the Persian king, a remnant of these exiles returned to their homeland. Among them were the descendants of Solomon's servants, who played a role in the restoration efforts.

Role and Significance:

The descendants of Solomon's servants were counted among the temple servants, or Nethinim, who were responsible for assisting the Levites in the service of the Temple. Their inclusion in the lists of returnees highlights their continued importance in the religious and social structure of post-exilic Judah. They were part of the community that recommitted to the covenant and the observance of the Law under the leadership of figures like Ezra and Nehemiah.

The mention of Solomon's servants underscores the continuity of Israel's history and the fulfillment of God's promises to restore His people. It also reflects the diverse composition of the community that returned to Jerusalem, emphasizing the integration of various groups into the worship and service of Yahweh.

Theological Implications:

From a theological perspective, the inclusion of Solomon's servants in the post-exilic community illustrates God's faithfulness in preserving a remnant of His people. It also demonstrates the inclusivity of God's covenant, extending beyond ethnic Israelites to those who were grafted into the community through service and faithfulness. This foreshadows the New Testament theme of the inclusion of Gentiles into the people of God through Christ.

The descendants of Solomon's servants, though not of priestly or Levitical lineage, were integral to the functioning of the Temple, highlighting the value of service and dedication in the worship of God. Their role serves as a reminder of the diverse ways individuals can contribute to the community of faith, regardless of their background or status.