Definition of Sin:
Sin, in the biblical context, is any action, thought, or attitude that transgresses the commands and character of God. It is a deviation from God's will and a violation of His law. The concept of sin is foundational in Scripture, beginning with the disobedience of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3) and permeating the entire biblical narrative.

Nature of Sin:
Sin is both an act and a condition. It is an act in the sense of specific transgressions against God's commandments, such as lying, stealing, or idolatry. It is a condition in that it reflects the inherent fallen nature of humanity, a state of being that is in rebellion against God. Romans 3:23 states, "for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God."

Original Sin:
The doctrine of original sin refers to the fallen state of human nature inherited from Adam, the first man. According to Romans 5:12, "Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned." This passage highlights the universal impact of Adam's disobedience, resulting in a sinful nature passed down to all humanity.

Consequences of Sin:

1. Separation from God:
Sin creates a barrier between humanity and God. Isaiah 59:2 declares, "But your iniquities have separated you from your God; your sins have hidden His face from you, so that He will not hear." This separation is both spiritual and relational, affecting one's fellowship with God.

2. Spiritual Death:
The ultimate consequence of sin is spiritual death, which is eternal separation from God. Romans 6:23 warns, "For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." This death is contrasted with the eternal life offered through Jesus Christ.

3. Physical Death:
Sin also results in physical death, as seen in the curse pronounced upon Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:19). The mortality of the human body is a direct consequence of sin entering the world.

4. Moral and Social Decay:
Sin leads to moral corruption and societal breakdown. Proverbs 14:34 states, "Righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a disgrace to any people." The prevalence of sin in a society can lead to injustice, violence, and disorder.

5. Divine Judgment:
Throughout Scripture, sin incurs divine judgment. The Flood (Genesis 6-9), the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19), and the Babylonian exile (2 Kings 25) are examples of God's judgment upon sin. Hebrews 10:31 warns, "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God."

6. Personal Suffering:
Sin often results in personal suffering and consequences in this life. Galatians 6:7-8 teaches, "Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked. Whatever a man sows, he will reap in return. The one who sows to please his flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction; but the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life."

Redemption from Sin:
While the consequences of sin are severe, the Bible also presents the hope of redemption through Jesus Christ. Through His sacrificial death and resurrection, believers are offered forgiveness and reconciliation with God. 1 John 1:9 assures, "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." This redemption is central to the Christian faith and provides a pathway to overcome the consequences of sin.