The restoration of the altar is a significant event in the history of Israel, symbolizing a return to proper worship and covenant faithfulness after periods of neglect or apostasy. This event is prominently featured in the post-exilic period, particularly in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, where the returning exiles prioritize the reestablishment of the altar as a foundational step in the restoration of their religious and communal life.

Biblical Context

The altar holds a central place in Israelite worship as the designated site for sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. It represents the heart of the covenant relationship between God and His people, serving as a tangible reminder of His presence and the means by which atonement and fellowship are maintained. The destruction of the altar, often due to foreign invasion or idolatrous practices, signifies a breach in this relationship and a departure from divine ordinances.

Ezra's Account

In the book of Ezra, the restoration of the altar is one of the first acts undertaken by the returning exiles under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Jeshua. Ezra 3:2-3 states, "Then Jeshua son of Jozadak and his fellow priests, along with Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and his associates, began to build the altar of the God of Israel to offer burnt offerings on it, as it is written in the Law of Moses the man of God. They set up the altar on its foundation and sacrificed burnt offerings upon it to the LORD—both the morning and evening burnt offerings—despite their fear of the peoples of the land."

This passage highlights the exiles' commitment to reestablishing proper worship according to the Mosaic Law, even in the face of external threats. The restoration of the altar precedes the rebuilding of the temple, underscoring its priority in the spiritual renewal of the community.

Nehemiah's Reforms

Nehemiah, a contemporary of Ezra, also emphasizes the importance of restoring proper worship practices. While the book of Nehemiah focuses more on the rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls, it also records the people's dedication to the Law and the covenant, which includes the proper use and maintenance of the altar. Nehemiah 10:39 reflects this commitment: "For the Israelites and the Levites are to bring the contributions of grain, new wine, and oil to the storerooms, where the articles for the sanctuary are kept, and where the ministering priests, the gatekeepers, and the singers stay. We will not neglect the house of our God."

Symbolism and Significance

The restoration of the altar is rich in symbolism, representing repentance, renewal, and a return to covenant faithfulness. It signifies the community's desire to restore their relationship with God and to seek His favor and guidance. The altar serves as a focal point for communal worship, uniting the people in their shared identity and purpose as God's chosen nation.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the restoration of the altar underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands and the centrality of worship in the life of the believer. It serves as a reminder of the need for continual renewal and reformation in the face of spiritual decline. The altar's restoration points forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who fulfills and transcends the sacrificial system, providing a once-for-all atonement for sin and establishing a new covenant relationship with God.

In summary, the restoration of the altar is a pivotal event in Israel's history, marking a return to covenant faithfulness and proper worship. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of maintaining a right relationship with God through obedience, sacrifice, and communal worship.