Tahpenes is a figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the historical context of the early monarchy of Israel. She is identified as the queen of Egypt during the time of King Solomon. Her mention is brief but significant, as it provides insight into the political and familial alliances of the period.

Biblical Reference:

Tahpenes is mentioned in 1 Kings 11:19-20. The passage describes how Hadad the Edomite, an adversary of Solomon, found favor with the Pharaoh of Egypt. The Pharaoh gave Hadad a house, land, and provisions. Furthermore, Hadad was given in marriage the sister of Tahpenes, the queen. The text states:

"Pharaoh was so pleased with Hadad that he gave him the sister of his own wife, Queen Tahpenes, in marriage. The sister of Tahpenes bore him a son named Genubath. Tahpenes weaned him in Pharaoh’s palace, and Genubath lived there among the sons of Pharaoh." (1 Kings 11:19-20)

Historical and Cultural Context:

The mention of Tahpenes provides a glimpse into the diplomatic relationships between Egypt and the neighboring kingdoms during the reign of Solomon. Marriages were often used as political tools to secure alliances and peace between nations. The fact that Hadad, an enemy of Solomon, was given such favor in Egypt, including a marriage into the royal family, indicates the complex political landscape of the time.

Tahpenes' role, though not extensively detailed, highlights the influence and involvement of royal women in political affairs. Her sister's marriage to Hadad and the subsequent upbringing of their son in the Egyptian royal court suggest a strategic alliance that could potentially challenge Solomon's reign.

Theological Implications:

From a theological perspective, the account of Tahpenes and her family underscores the recurring theme of foreign influence and opposition in the narrative of Israel's monarchy. The alliances formed through marriage with foreign powers often led to religious and cultural challenges for Israel, as seen in Solomon's own marriages to foreign women, which eventually led him astray from exclusive worship of Yahweh.

The account of Tahpenes and Hadad serves as a reminder of the broader biblical narrative concerning the faithfulness of God's people amidst external pressures and the sovereignty of God over the nations. Despite the political maneuvers and alliances, the biblical text consistently points to God's ultimate control and purpose in the unfolding history of Israel and its neighbors.