The term "120 years" holds significant meaning within the biblical narrative, primarily associated with the lifespan of humans and the period leading up to the Great Flood. This entry explores the various contexts in which "120 years" appears in the Bible, providing insight into its theological and historical implications.

Genesis 6:3
The most direct reference to 120 years is found in Genesis 6:3, where God declares, "My Spirit will not contend with man forever, for he is mortal; his days shall be 120 years." This statement is made in the context of increasing human wickedness on the earth, which ultimately leads to the decision to send the Flood. The interpretation of this verse has been the subject of much debate. Some scholars suggest that it refers to a new limit on human lifespan, while others propose it indicates the period of divine patience before the Flood would occur, giving humanity 120 years to repent.

Lifespan of Moses
The number 120 is also significant in the context of Moses' life. According to Deuteronomy 34:7, "Moses was 120 years old when he died, yet his eyes were not weak, nor had his strength gone." Moses' lifespan is often seen as a fulfillment of the divine decree in Genesis 6:3, and his vigor at such an advanced age is frequently interpreted as a testament to his unique relationship with God. Moses' life is traditionally divided into three 40-year periods: his time in Egypt, his years in Midian, and his leadership of the Israelites in the wilderness.

Symbolic Interpretations
In addition to its literal applications, the number 120 is sometimes viewed symbolically within biblical literature. It is considered a multiple of the Numbers 12 and 10, both of which carry symbolic weight in the Bible. The number 12 often represents completeness or the people of God, as seen in the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles. The number 10 can signify completeness or divine order. Thus, 120 may symbolize a divinely ordained period of completeness or judgment.

Other References
While the specific phrase "120 years" is not frequently repeated, the number 120 appears in other contexts within the Bible. For example, in 2 Chronicles 5:12, during the dedication of Solomon's Temple, 120 priests are mentioned as playing trumpets. This use of the number may underscore the grandeur and completeness of the worship service.

Historical and Cultural Context
In the ancient Near East, long lifespans were often attributed to legendary figures, and the reduction of human lifespan in Genesis 6:3 can be seen as a transition from the mythic to the historical. The notion of 120 years as a human lifespan may reflect a cultural understanding of an ideal or divinely appointed age limit.

Theological Implications
The declaration of 120 years in Genesis 6:3 highlights themes of divine patience and judgment. It underscores the idea that God provides a period for repentance before executing judgment, as seen in the narrative of the Flood. Additionally, the lifespan of Moses at 120 years serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises, as Moses leads the Israelites to the brink of the Promised Land.

In summary, the concept of 120 years in the Bible is multifaceted, encompassing themes of judgment, divine patience, and the fulfillment of God's promises. It serves as a marker of both human limitation and divine grace within the biblical narrative.