Soldiers: Guard Prisoners
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In the biblical narrative, soldiers often played a crucial role in maintaining order and executing the decrees of rulers, including the guarding of prisoners. This function is evident throughout both the Old and New Testaments, where soldiers are depicted as enforcers of authority and protectors of societal structures.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the role of soldiers in guarding prisoners is not as explicitly detailed as in the New Testament, but the concept of military personnel maintaining order is present. For instance, during the reign of King David, the military was instrumental in enforcing the king's decrees and maintaining the security of the kingdom. Although specific instances of soldiers guarding prisoners are not highlighted, the military's role in upholding justice and order is implicit in the broader narrative of Israel's history.

New Testament Context

The New Testament provides more explicit examples of soldiers guarding prisoners, particularly in the context of the Roman Empire. Roman soldiers were tasked with maintaining peace and enforcing the laws of the empire, which included the imprisonment and guarding of those who were detained.

One of the most notable instances is found in the Acts of the Apostles, where soldiers are frequently mentioned in the context of guarding the apostles and other early Christians. In Acts 12:4, we read about Peter's imprisonment: "When he had seized him, he put him in prison, handing him over to be guarded by four squads of four soldiers each. Herod intended to bring him out to the people after the Passover" . This passage highlights the seriousness with which Roman authorities took the task of guarding prisoners, employing multiple soldiers to ensure security.

Another significant account is found in Acts 16, where Paul and Silas are imprisoned in Philippi. The jailer, likely a Roman soldier or officer, is charged with their custody. After an earthquake miraculously opens the prison doors, the jailer is prepared to take his own life, fearing the escape of his prisoners. However, Paul reassures him, leading to the jailer's conversion (Acts 16:27-34). This narrative underscores the responsibility and accountability soldiers had in their role as guards.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the presence of soldiers in these narratives serves to highlight the tension between earthly authority and divine intervention. While soldiers are depicted as agents of the state, tasked with enforcing human laws, the miraculous events that occur—such as Peter's escape from prison (Acts 12:7-10) and the earthquake in Philippi—demonstrate the supremacy of God's power over human institutions.

Moreover, the interactions between soldiers and prisoners often lead to opportunities for witness and conversion, as seen in the case of the Philippian jailer. These accounts suggest that even within the structures of human authority, God's purposes can be fulfilled, and His message can reach those in positions of power.

Conclusion

The role of soldiers in guarding prisoners, as depicted in the Bible, reflects the broader theme of authority and order within society. While soldiers are portrayed as enforcers of human law, the biblical narrative consistently reveals the overarching sovereignty of God, who works through and beyond human institutions to accomplish His divine will.
Nave's Topical Index
Acts 12:4-6
And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four squads of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.
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Acts 28:16
And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard: but Paul was suffered to dwell by himself with a soldier that kept him.
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Library

Expedition of Julian into Persia; He was Worsted and Broke
... that they required too many soldiers to guard them; and he then commenced his retreat
along the Tigris, which was to his left. The prisoners, who acted as ...
/.../the ecclesiastical history of sozomenus/chapter i expedition of julian into.htm

The Life of Mr. Robert Garnock.
... day I was vexed with them; until almost the whole prisoners petitioned for it ... I was
brought out of the yard, Oct.25th, with a guard of soldiers; when coming ...
/.../howie/biographia scoticana scots worthies/the life of mr robert 7.htm

The Prison-House.
... of the Praefect of the Praetorian Guard, whose duty ... was to take charge of all prisoners
awaiting trial ... soldier, and at night probably two soldiers were linked ...
/.../the life of duty a years plain sermons v 2/sermon lii the prison-house.htm

Theodosiolus and Lagodius. The Races of the Vandals and Suevi. ...
... and Didymus and Verinian, with their wives, were taken prisoners, and were ... returned
to his father, after he had posted a guard of his own soldiers for the ...
/.../chapter xii theodosiolus and lagodius the.htm

In Rome
... The soldiers are impatient of delay, yet they have not the ... At Rome the centurion
Julius delivered up his prisoners to the captain of the emperor's guard. ...
//christianbookshelf.org/white/the acts of the apostles/lesson 43 in rome.htm

Paul in Malta and Rome.
... for his sake, he would not permit the soldiers to murder ... his arrival in the city,
the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard, or the ...
/.../dick/lectures on the acts of the apostles/lecture xxix paul in malta.htm

Spiritual Peace
... to prison, and placed there with two soldiers to guard him, and ... Chained between two
soldiers! ... midnight they sing praises unto God, and the prisoners hear them. ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 6 1860/spiritual peace.htm

Ephesians iv. 3-Jan
... arrayed in gold, and their body-guard with every ... Paul once, going forth with the
prisoners from his ... passion, he equips horsemen, and soldiers, and dispatches ...
/.../homily ix ephesians iv 3-jan.htm

Paul's Missionary Labors.
... hired dwelling." He preached the gospel to the soldiers of the imperial body-guard,
who attended ... priests who had been sent to Rome by Felix as prisoners. ...
/.../history of the christian church volume i/section 33 pauls missionary labors.htm

The Life of Mr. Alexander Peden.
... accordingly they were both carried prisoners to Edinburgh. ... walking on the rock, some
soldiers were passing ... astonished, and went to the guard distracted, crying ...
/.../howie/biographia scoticana scots worthies/the life of mr alexander 2.htm

Resources
Why did Jesus say, “I thirst,” from the cross? | GotQuestions.org

What does the Bible say about killing in war? Is killing in war a sin? | GotQuestions.org

What is the meaning and significance of the crown of thorns? | GotQuestions.org

Soldiers: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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