Jetheth is a figure mentioned in the genealogical records of the Old Testament, specifically within the context of the Edomite chiefs, or "dukes," who descended from Esau. Esau, also known as Edom, was the elder twin brother of Jacob and the son of Isaac and Rebekah. The descendants of Esau settled in the region known as Edom, located to the southeast of the Dead Sea, and became a significant group in the biblical narrative.

Biblical References:

Jetheth is listed among the chiefs of Edom in the Book of Genesis. The relevant passage is found in Genesis 36, which details the generations of Esau and the establishment of his lineage in the land of Edom. Genesis 36:40-43 states:

"These are the names of Esau’s chiefs, according to their families and regions, by their names: Chief Timna, Chief Alvah, Chief Jetheth, Chief Oholibamah, Chief Elah, Chief Pinon, Chief Kenaz, Chief Teman, Chief Mibzar, Chief Magdiel, and Chief Iram. These were the chiefs of Edom, according to their settlements in the land they possessed. (This is Esau, the father of the Edomites.)"

Jetheth is thus identified as one of the leaders or tribal chiefs within the Edomite community. The term "duke" or "chief" (Hebrew: אַלּוּף, 'alluph) signifies a leader or head of a clan, indicating a position of authority and influence within the tribal structure of Edom.

Historical and Cultural Context:

The Edomites, as descendants of Esau, played a significant role in the history of the Israelites. The relationship between the Israelites and the Edomites was complex, marked by both kinship and conflict. The Edomites were considered kin to the Israelites due to their shared ancestry through Isaac, yet they often found themselves in opposition to Israel throughout biblical history.

The mention of Jetheth as a chief underscores the organized social structure of the Edomites, who, like many ancient Near Eastern peoples, were organized into tribes and clans led by prominent figures. These chiefs were responsible for the governance and military leadership of their respective groups.

Theological Significance:

From a theological perspective, the inclusion of Jetheth and other Edomite chiefs in the biblical record serves to highlight the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding the multiplication of his descendants. Although Esau did not inherit the covenantal promises given to Jacob, his lineage still prospered and became a significant nation, as God had promised to Abraham that he would be the father of many nations (Genesis 17:4).

The genealogies and lists of chiefs, such as Jetheth, also emphasize the historical reality of the biblical narrative, providing a framework for understanding the relationships and interactions between the various peoples mentioned in Scripture. These records serve as a testament to the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises and the unfolding of His divine plan through history.Genesis 36:40
And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth,
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1 Chronicles 1:51
Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, duke Jetheth,
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