Matthias is a significant yet often overlooked figure in the New Testament, known primarily for being chosen as an apostle to replace Judas Iscariot after Judas' betrayal and subsequent death. His account is found in the Book of Acts, where the early church sought to restore the number of apostles to twelve, symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel.

In Acts 1:15-26, Peter stands among the believers, numbering about 120, and addresses the need to fill the vacancy left by Judas. Peter cites the Psalms, saying, "May another take his position" (Acts 1:20). The criteria for Judas' replacement were clear: the candidate had to have been with Jesus throughout His ministry, from the baptism by John until His ascension. This requirement ensured that the new apostle could bear witness to the resurrection of Christ.

Two men were proposed: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. The assembly prayed for divine guidance, saying, "Lord, You know everyone's heart. Show us which of these two You have chosen" (Acts 1:24). They then cast lots, a common biblical method for discerning God's will, and the lot fell to Matthias, who was thereby numbered with the eleven apostles.

Though Matthias is not mentioned elsewhere in the New Testament, his selection underscores the importance of apostolic witness and continuity in the early church. Tradition holds that Matthias continued to preach the Gospel, though accounts of his later life and martyrdom vary.

Joseph (Barsabbas, also known as Justus)

Joseph, also known as Barsabbas and surnamed Justus, is a lesser-known figure in the New Testament, mentioned in the context of the selection of a new apostle to replace Judas Iscariot. His account is recorded in Acts 1:23, where he is one of the two candidates considered for apostleship alongside Matthias.

Joseph's multiple names reflect a common practice in the ancient world, where individuals often had both a Hebrew and a Roman name. "Barsabbas" suggests a familial or patronymic designation, while "Justus" is a Latin name meaning "just" or "righteous," indicating his character or reputation among the early believers.

Though not chosen as an apostle, Joseph's inclusion in the selection process highlights his standing within the early Christian community. He met the essential criteria set by Peter: having been with Jesus from the time of John's baptism to the ascension, and thus capable of bearing witness to the resurrection.

The casting of lots, which ultimately favored Matthias, was a method of seeking God's will, and Joseph's acceptance of the outcome reflects the unity and submission to divine guidance that characterized the early church. While the New Testament does not provide further details about Joseph's life or ministry, his presence in this pivotal moment underscores the communal and prayerful decision-making process of the early believers.

Tradition and apocryphal writings offer various accounts of Joseph's later life, but these are not considered canonical. His account serves as a reminder of the many faithful disciples who contributed to the spread of the Gospel, even if they did not hold prominent positions.