The Levitical support for the priesthood is a foundational aspect of the religious and societal structure established in the Old Testament. The tribe of Levi was set apart by God to perform specific religious duties and to support the priesthood, which was primarily composed of Aaron and his descendants. This arrangement is detailed in various passages throughout the Pentateuch, particularly in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

Divine Appointment and Role

The Levites were chosen by God to assist the priests in the service of the Tabernacle, and later the Temple, as outlined in Numbers 3:5-10 : "The LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 'Bring the tribe of Levi and present them to Aaron the priest to assist him. They are to perform duties for him and for the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, attending to the service of the tabernacle.'"

The Levites were not given a territorial inheritance like the other tribes of Israel. Instead, their inheritance was the Lord Himself, as stated in Deuteronomy 18:1-2 : "The Levitical priests—indeed the whole tribe of Levi—shall have no portion or inheritance with Israel. They shall eat the offerings made by fire to the LORD, for that is their inheritance. Although they have no inheritance among their brothers, the LORD is their inheritance, as He promised them."

Support through Tithes and Offerings

The Levites were supported by the tithes and offerings of the Israelites. Numbers 18:21 states, "Behold, I have given the Levites all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work they do, the work of the Tent of Meeting." This system ensured that the Levites could focus on their religious duties without the need to engage in agricultural or other economic activities.

In addition to the tithes, the Levites also received portions of certain sacrifices. Leviticus 7:34 specifies, "For I have taken the breast of the wave offering and the thigh of the contribution from the Israelites out of their fellowship offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the priest and his sons as a perpetual portion from the Israelites."

Cities of Refuge and Levitical Cities

The Levites were also given specific cities to inhabit, known as Levitical cities. These cities were scattered throughout the territories of the other tribes, ensuring that the Levites could minister to the entire nation. Among these cities were the cities of refuge, which provided asylum for those who had committed manslaughter unintentionally. Numbers 35:6 explains, "Six of the cities you give the Levites will be cities of refuge, where a person who has killed someone may flee. In addition to these, give the Levites forty-two other cities."

Spiritual and Educational Role

Beyond their liturgical duties, the Levites played a crucial role in teaching the Law and maintaining the spiritual health of the nation. Deuteronomy 33:10 highlights this aspect: "They shall teach Your ordinances to Jacob and Your law to Israel. They shall set incense before You and whole burnt offerings on Your altar."

The Levites' role as educators and spiritual leaders was vital in preserving the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. Their presence in the Levitical cities allowed them to be accessible to the people, providing instruction and guidance in the ways of the Lord.

Conclusion

The Levitical support for the priesthood was an integral part of the religious life of ancient Israel, ensuring that the worship of God was conducted according to His commandments and that the spiritual needs of the people were met. Through their service, the Levites exemplified dedication to God and His purposes, serving as a model of faithfulness and obedience.