Judas son of James, also known as Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus, is one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. He is mentioned in the synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. His identity is sometimes confused with Judas Iscariot, the apostle who betrayed Jesus, but they are distinct individuals. Judas son of James is often referred to as "Judas not Iscariot" to avoid this confusion.

Biblical References:

1. The List of Apostles:
Judas son of James is listed among the twelve apostles in the Gospels of Luke and Acts. In Luke 6:16 , he is referred to as "Judas son of James," while in Acts 1:13 , he is again mentioned in the list of apostles: "When they arrived, they went to the upper room where they were staying. Present were Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James."

2. The Gospel of John:
In the Gospel of John, Judas son of James is distinguished from Judas Iscariot. In John 14:22 , he is identified as "Judas (not Iscariot)" when he asks Jesus, "Lord, why are You going to reveal Yourself to us and not to the world?"

3. Alternate Names:
In the Gospel of Matthew 10:3 and Mark 3:18 , he is referred to as Thaddaeus. Some manuscripts of Matthew also include the name Lebbaeus. These alternate names suggest a possible Aramaic or Hebrew origin, indicating a man of heart or courage.

Role and Characteristics:

Judas son of James is one of the lesser-known apostles, with few specific actions or words attributed to him in the New Testament. However, his inclusion among the twelve signifies his role as a chosen witness to Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection. His question in John 14:22 reflects a desire to understand Jesus' mission and the nature of His revelation to the disciples.

Tradition and Legacy:

Early Christian tradition holds that Judas son of James preached the Gospel in various regions after the resurrection of Christ. Some accounts suggest he ministered in areas such as Mesopotamia, Syria, or Armenia. His martyrdom is often cited, though details vary among sources.

Judas son of James is venerated as a saint in many Christian traditions, with feast days commemorating his life and ministry. In Western Christianity, he is often celebrated alongside Simon the Zealot on October 28th.

Theological Significance:

Judas son of James represents the faithful but often overlooked followers of Christ who played crucial roles in the early Church. His presence among the apostles underscores the diversity and unity of those called by Jesus. His inquiry in the Gospel of John highlights the apostles' ongoing quest for understanding and the intimate relationship they shared with their Lord.

In summary, Judas son of James, though not as prominent as some of his fellow apostles, remains a significant figure in the foundation of the Christian faith, exemplifying dedication and the spread of the Gospel message.