The instructions to Aaron and his remaining sons are a significant aspect of the Levitical priesthood, as outlined in the Old Testament. These directives are primarily found in the Book of Leviticus, which serves as a manual for the priests of Israel, detailing their duties, responsibilities, and the proper conduct of worship and sacrifices.

Context and Background

The instructions to Aaron and his sons come in the aftermath of a tragic event involving Nadab and Abihu, Aaron's elder sons, who offered unauthorized fire before the Lord and were consumed by divine fire as a result (Leviticus 10:1-2). This incident underscores the holiness required in approaching God and the seriousness of the priestly office.

Priestly Duties and Conduct

Following the death of Nadab and Abihu, God provides specific instructions to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, through Moses. These instructions emphasize the sanctity and order required in their service:

1. Abstinence from Intoxicating Drink: Aaron and his sons are commanded not to drink wine or strong drink when they enter the Tent of Meeting, lest they die. This command is to ensure that they can distinguish between the holy and the common, and between the clean and the unclean (Leviticus 10:8-10).

2. Teaching the Israelites: The priests are charged with teaching the Israelites all the statutes that the Lord has spoken through Moses (Leviticus 10:11). This role as teachers underscores their responsibility to guide the people in understanding and obeying God's laws.

3. Handling of Offerings: Specific instructions are given regarding the consumption of offerings. Aaron and his sons are to eat the grain offering in a holy place, as it is most holy and belongs to them as their due from the offerings made by fire to the Lord (Leviticus 10:12-13). The wave breast and the heave thigh are also to be eaten in a clean place, shared with their families, as they are given as a perpetual portion from the peace offerings of the Israelites (Leviticus 10:14-15).

4. Maintaining Holiness: The priests are reminded of their duty to maintain holiness in all aspects of their service. This includes adhering to the regulations concerning sacrifices, offerings, and the maintenance of the sanctuary.

Significance of the Instructions

The instructions to Aaron and his remaining sons highlight the gravity of the priestly office and the need for reverence and obedience in worship. The priests serve as mediators between God and the people, and their conduct directly impacts the spiritual well-being of the nation. The emphasis on holiness, proper conduct, and teaching reflects the broader covenantal relationship between God and Israel, where the priests play a crucial role in upholding the covenant.

These instructions also foreshadow the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who perfectly fulfills the priestly role, offering Himself as the ultimate sacrifice and mediating a new covenant between God and humanity.