The sacred offerings, as outlined in the Old Testament, are a central aspect of the Levitical priesthood and the worship practices of ancient Israel. These offerings were instituted by God to maintain holiness, atone for sin, and facilitate communion between God and His people. The instructions for priests regarding these offerings are primarily found in the books of Leviticus and Numbers, which detail the various types of offerings and the specific roles of the priests in administering them.

Types of Offerings

1. Burnt Offerings (Leviticus 1): The burnt offering was a voluntary act of worship, atonement for unintentional sin, and an expression of devotion to God. The entire animal, except for its hide, was consumed by fire on the altar. The priest's role was to ensure the offering was without blemish and to perform the ritual slaughter and burning.

2. Grain Offerings (Leviticus 2): These offerings consisted of fine flour, oil, and frankincense. They were a gift to God, symbolizing the dedication of one's labor and sustenance. The priest would burn a portion on the altar as a memorial offering, while the remainder was for the priests' consumption.

3. Peace Offerings (Leviticus 3): Also known as fellowship offerings, these were voluntary and symbolized peace and fellowship with God. The fat and certain organs were burned on the altar, while the meat was shared between the priests and the offerer. The priest facilitated the offering and ensured the proper portions were allocated.

4. Sin Offerings (Leviticus 4): These were mandatory for atonement of specific unintentional sins. The priest would sprinkle the blood of the sacrifice before the veil of the sanctuary and on the altar, and burn the fat on the altar. The remainder of the animal was disposed of outside the camp.

5. Guilt Offerings (Leviticus 5:14-6:7): Similar to sin offerings, these were for atonement of unintentional sins that required restitution. The priest would make atonement by offering the sacrifice and ensuring restitution was made to the wronged party.

Priestly Duties and Conduct

The priests, descendants of Aaron, were set apart for the service of the tabernacle and later the temple. Their duties included offering sacrifices, maintaining the sacred space, and teaching the Israelites God's laws. The priests were required to adhere to strict codes of conduct and purity, as outlined in Leviticus 21-22. They were to avoid defilement, maintain ceremonial cleanliness, and exhibit moral integrity.

Regulations for Acceptable Offerings

Leviticus 22 provides detailed regulations for acceptable offerings. The offerings had to be without defect, symbolizing the perfection and holiness required by God. Priests were responsible for inspecting the offerings to ensure they met these standards. "You must present a male without blemish from the cattle, sheep, or goats in order for it to be accepted on your behalf" (Leviticus 22:19).

Holy Days and Festivals

The priests also played a crucial role during the holy days and festivals, such as Passover, the Feast of Weeks, and the Day of Atonement. Each festival had specific offerings and rituals that the priests were to conduct, as detailed in Leviticus 23 and Numbers 28-29.

The Role of the High Priest

The high priest held a unique position, serving as the chief mediator between God and the people. On the Day of Atonement, the high priest entered the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the nation. This solemn duty involved specific sacrifices and rituals, as described in Leviticus 16.

The instructions for priests regarding sacred offerings underscore the holiness and order required in worshiping God. These offerings were not only acts of devotion but also a means of maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel. Through these rituals, the priests facilitated the people's access to God, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the perfect High Priest and Lamb of God.