The concept of holiness and the conduct of priests are central themes in the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament, where the priesthood is established as a sacred office with specific duties and responsibilities. The priests, primarily from the tribe of Levi, were set apart to serve in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple, acting as mediators between God and the people of Israel.

Holiness of Priests

Holiness, in the biblical sense, refers to being set apart for God's purposes. The priests were required to maintain a high standard of holiness, as they were chosen to minister before the Lord. Leviticus 21:6 states, "They must be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God. For they present the offerings made by fire to the LORD, the food of their God. So they must be holy."

The priests' holiness was not only a matter of ritual purity but also moral and ethical conduct. They were to embody the holiness of God in their lives, serving as examples to the people. This requirement for holiness extended to their personal lives, including their family and social interactions.

Conduct of Priests

The conduct of priests was governed by a series of laws and regulations outlined primarily in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. These laws covered various aspects of their duties, including offerings, sacrifices, and ceremonial cleanliness.

1. Offerings and Sacrifices: Priests were responsible for performing sacrifices and offerings according to the prescriptions given by God. Leviticus 6:9 instructs, "Command Aaron and his sons, 'This is the law of the burnt offering: The burnt offering shall remain on the hearth on the altar all night until morning, and the fire must be kept burning on the altar.'"

2. Ceremonial Cleanliness: Priests had to adhere to strict rules regarding cleanliness to ensure they were fit to serve. Leviticus 22:2 commands, "Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings the Israelites consecrate to Me, so they will not profane My holy name. I am the LORD."

3. Moral and Ethical Conduct: Beyond ritual duties, priests were expected to live lives of integrity and righteousness. Malachi 2:7 highlights their role as teachers of the law: "For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge, and people should seek instruction from his mouth, because he is the messenger of the LORD of Hosts."

4. Restrictions and Prohibitions: Certain restrictions were placed on priests to maintain their holiness. For example, they were prohibited from marrying women of questionable character (Leviticus 21:7) and were required to avoid contact with the dead, except for close relatives (Leviticus 21:1-4).

5. Dress and Appearance: The attire of priests was also significant, symbolizing their sacred role. Exodus 28:2 states, "Make holy garments for your brother Aaron, to give him dignity and splendor."

The New Testament continues the theme of holiness and conduct, emphasizing the priesthood of all believers. 1 Peter 2:9 declares, "But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the virtues of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light."

In summary, the holiness and conduct of priests in the Bible reflect the broader call for God's people to live lives set apart for His service, embodying His holiness in every aspect of life.