The phrase "His brothers the priests" refers to the familial and ministerial relationships among the priests in ancient Israel, particularly those who served in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple. This entry explores the biblical context, roles, and significance of these priestly brothers, drawing from scriptural references and historical understanding.

Biblical Context

The priesthood in Israel was established by God through Moses, with Aaron, the brother of Moses, appointed as the first high priest. The descendants of Aaron, known as the Aaronic or Levitical priests, were set apart for sacred duties. The term "His brothers the priests" often highlights the collective nature of the priestly family, emphasizing their shared responsibilities and heritage.

In Leviticus 21:10, the high priest is distinguished from "his brothers," indicating a hierarchy within the priestly order: "The priest who is highest among his brothers, on whose head the anointing oil has been poured and who has been ordained to wear the garments, must not let his hair hang loose or tear his garments."

Roles and Responsibilities

The priests, as brothers, shared a common lineage and were tasked with various duties essential to the spiritual life of Israel. These included:

1. Sacrificial Offerings: Priests were responsible for performing sacrifices, which were central to Israelite worship and atonement for sin (Leviticus 1-7).

2. Teaching the Law: They instructed the people in the Law of Moses, ensuring that God's commandments were understood and followed (Leviticus 10:11).

3. Maintaining the Sanctuary: The priests were charged with the care and maintenance of the Tabernacle and later the Temple, ensuring that the holy places remained sanctified (Numbers 18:1-7).

4. Intercession: Acting as mediators between God and the people, priests offered prayers and intercessions on behalf of the nation (Exodus 28:29-30).

Significance in Israelite Society

The priesthood was integral to the covenant relationship between God and Israel. As descendants of Levi, the priests were set apart for divine service, and their familial bonds underscored the unity and continuity of their sacred duties. The phrase "His brothers the priests" reflects the communal aspect of their ministry, as they worked together to fulfill God's commands.

The priestly brotherhood also served as a foreshadowing of the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who, according to the New Testament, fulfills and surpasses the Old Testament priesthood. Hebrews 2:17 states, "So He had to be made like His brothers in every way, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in service to God, in order to make atonement for the sins of the people."

Conclusion

The concept of "His brothers the priests" encapsulates the collective identity and mission of the Levitical priesthood. Through their shared lineage and responsibilities, these priests played a crucial role in maintaining the spiritual health and covenantal faithfulness of the nation of Israel.