Definition:
God's immanence refers to His presence and active involvement within His creation. Unlike deism, which posits a distant and uninvolved deity, the concept of immanence emphasizes that God is intimately involved in the world and in the lives of individuals. This theological attribute highlights God's closeness and accessibility to His creation, affirming that He is not only transcendent and above all but also near and personal.

Biblical Foundations:

1. Creation and Sustenance:
God's immanence is evident from the very act of creation. In Genesis 1, God speaks the world into existence, demonstrating His active role in forming and sustaining the universe. Colossians 1:17 states, "He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together," underscoring that God is continually involved in maintaining the order and existence of creation.

2. Presence in the World:
The Bible frequently affirms God's presence in the world. In Jeremiah 23:23-24, God declares, "Am I only a God nearby," declares the LORD, "and not a God far away? Can anyone hide in secret places so that I cannot see him?" This passage emphasizes that God is both near and aware of all that occurs within His creation.

3. Indwelling of the Holy Spirit:
In the New Testament, the immanence of God is profoundly expressed through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit in believers. In John 14:16-17, Jesus promises, "And I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Advocate to be with you forever—the Spirit of truth. The world cannot receive Him, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him. But you do know Him, for He abides with you and will be in you." This indwelling presence signifies God's intimate involvement in the lives of His people.

4. Incarnation of Christ:
The incarnation of Jesus Christ is the ultimate demonstration of God's immanence. John 1:14 states, "The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us." Through Jesus, God entered human history, living among His creation and providing a tangible expression of His nearness and love.

5. God's Care and Guidance:
Scripture frequently portrays God as a shepherd who cares for His flock. Psalm 23:1-4 illustrates this relationship: "The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside quiet waters. He restores my soul; He guides me in paths of righteousness for the sake of His name." This imagery conveys God's personal care and guidance in the lives of His people.

6. Prayer and Communion:
The practice of prayer is a testament to God's immanence, as it reflects the belief that God is accessible and responsive to His creation. Philippians 4:6-7 encourages believers, "Be anxious for nothing, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus."

Theological Implications:

God's immanence assures believers of His constant presence and involvement in their lives. It provides comfort, knowing that God is not distant but is actively working in the world and in personal circumstances. This attribute encourages a personal relationship with God, characterized by trust, reliance, and communication through prayer. It also calls believers to recognize God's presence in all aspects of life, fostering a sense of reverence and responsibility in how they live and interact with creation.