Foothills (Shephelah):
The term "foothills" in the biblical context often refers to the Shephelah, a region of low hills situated between the coastal plain and the central highlands of Israel. This area served as a buffer zone and was strategically significant throughout biblical history. The Shephelah is mentioned in various biblical narratives, particularly in the context of battles and territorial boundaries. For instance, the Philistines frequently clashed with the Israelites in this region, as seen in the account of David and Goliath (1 Samuel 17). The Shephelah was known for its fertile land, making it an important agricultural area. Cities such as Lachish, Azekah, and Socoh were located in the Shephelah, and these cities played crucial roles in the defense and administration of the Kingdom of Judah.

Hill Country:
The hill country refers to the elevated regions of ancient Israel, particularly the central highlands that include parts of modern-day Judea and Samaria. This area is characterized by rugged terrain, with hills and valleys that provided natural fortifications and a distinct way of life. The hill country is significant in biblical history as the heartland of the tribes of Israel, especially the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. It was in these hills that many key events took place, including the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital by King David. The hill country is often associated with the patriarchs, as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob sojourned in these areas. The Bible frequently mentions the hill country in the context of God's promises and covenants with His people. For example, in Deuteronomy 11:11, the land is described as "a land of hills and valleys, drinking water from the rain of heaven."

Negev:
The Negev is a desert region located in the southern part of Israel. It is a semi-arid area that extends from Beersheba to the southern borders of the land. The Negev holds significant biblical importance, as it was part of the territory promised to the descendants of Abraham. The patriarchs, including Abraham and Isaac, spent time in the Negev, and it was a place of sojourning and divine encounters. Genesis 12:9 notes, "And Abram journeyed on toward the Negev." The Negev was also a place of refuge and testing for the Israelites during their wilderness wanderings. Despite its harsh conditions, the Negev was home to several important cities, such as Beersheba, which served as a center of worship and governance. The prophets often used the Negev as a symbol of desolation and renewal, reflecting God's power to bring life to barren places.