Introduction

The establishment of Purim is a significant event in Jewish history, commemorated annually as a festival of joy and thanksgiving. This celebration finds its roots in the biblical narrative of the Book of Esther, where the Jewish people were delivered from a plot to annihilate them. The festival of Purim is marked by feasting, rejoicing, and the giving of gifts, as prescribed in the Scriptures.

Biblical Account

The account of Purim is detailed in the Book of Esther, which is set during the reign of King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I) of Persia. The narrative unfolds with the rise of Haman, an Agagite and a high-ranking official in the king's court, who harbors a deep-seated animosity towards the Jews, particularly Mordecai, a Jew who refuses to bow to him. In his wrath, Haman devises a plan to destroy all the Jews in the Persian Empire.

Esther, a Jewish woman who becomes queen, is urged by her cousin Mordecai to intercede with the king. After a series of events marked by fasting and prayer, Esther courageously approaches the king and reveals Haman's plot. The king, moved by Esther's plea, orders the execution of Haman and grants the Jews the right to defend themselves against their enemies.

Institution of Purim

Following their deliverance, Mordecai and Esther establish the festival of Purim to commemorate this divine intervention. The Book of Esther records the institution of Purim in Esther 9:20-22 : "Mordecai recorded these events and sent letters to all the Jews in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, both near and far, to establish among them an annual celebration on the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar as the days on which the Jews gained rest from their enemies—the month when their sorrow was turned into joy and their mourning into a day of celebration. He wrote to them to observe these days as days of feasting and joy and of sending portions of food to one another and gifts to the poor."

Observance and Significance

Purim is observed on the 14th and 15th days of the Hebrew month of Adar. The festival is characterized by the reading of the Megillah (the Book of Esther), which recounts the account of their deliverance. The celebration includes feasting, the exchange of gifts, and giving to the poor, reflecting the themes of unity and community support.

The name "Purim" is derived from the word "pur," meaning "lot," referring to the lots cast by Haman to determine the day of the Jews' destruction (Esther 9:24-26). The casting of lots and the subsequent reversal of fortune highlight the providential care of God over His people, turning what was intended for their harm into a cause for celebration.

Theological Implications

The establishment of Purim underscores the themes of divine providence and deliverance. Although the name of God is not explicitly mentioned in the Book of Esther, His hand is evident throughout the narrative. The festival serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and His ability to protect and preserve His people against overwhelming odds.

Purim also emphasizes the importance of courage and faithfulness, as demonstrated by Esther and Mordecai. Their actions reflect a commitment to God's purposes and a willingness to stand for righteousness, even at great personal risk.

Conclusion

The establishment of Purim is a testament to the enduring faith and resilience of the Jewish people. It is a celebration of God's deliverance and a call to remember His faithfulness throughout generations.