The sons of Levi, also known as the Levites, were set apart by God for specific religious duties and responsibilities within the nation of Israel. Their roles were integral to the worship and spiritual life of the Israelites, as they were charged with the care of the tabernacle, later the temple, and the performance of various religious rites.

Biblical Foundation

The Levites were descendants of Levi, one of the twelve sons of Jacob. Their special status and duties were established by God through Moses. In Numbers 3:5-10 , the Lord instructs Moses: "Bring the tribe of Levi and present them to Aaron the priest to assist him. They are to perform duties for him and for the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, attending to the service of the tabernacle. They are to take care of all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting, fulfilling the obligations of the Israelites by doing the work of the tabernacle."

Priestly Duties

Among the Levites, the family of Aaron was chosen to serve as priests. Aaron and his descendants were given the responsibility of offering sacrifices, burning incense, and performing other sacred rituals. Exodus 28:1 states, "Bring near to you your brother Aaron and his sons from among the Israelites to serve Me as priests—Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar."

Levitical Duties

The non-priestly Levites were tasked with supporting the priests and maintaining the tabernacle. Their duties included transporting the tabernacle and its furnishings during the Israelites' journeys, as described in Numbers 4. They were also responsible for guarding the tabernacle and later the temple, ensuring that only authorized individuals entered sacred spaces.

Musical and Educational Roles

The Levites also played a significant role in the musical worship of Israel. They were appointed as singers and musicians, leading the congregation in praise and worship. 1 Chronicles 15:16 notes, "David also told the leaders of the Levites to appoint their brothers as singers to lift up their voices with joy, accompanied by musical instruments—harps, lyres, and cymbals."

Additionally, the Levites were teachers of the Law. They instructed the people in the statutes and commandments of God, as seen in 2 Chronicles 17:8-9 , where they went throughout the towns of Judah teaching the people.

Judicial and Administrative Functions

The Levites also served in judicial and administrative capacities. They were involved in the administration of justice and the resolution of disputes, as indicated in Deuteronomy 17:9 : "Go to the Levitical priests and to the judge who is in office at that time. Inquire of them, and they will give you the verdict."

Support and Provision

The Levites were supported by the tithes and offerings of the Israelites, as they did not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes. Numbers 18:21 states, "Behold, I have given the Levites all the tithes in Israel as an inheritance in return for the work they do, the work of the Tent of Meeting."

Conclusion

The duties of the sons of Levi were diverse and essential to the spiritual and communal life of Israel. Their roles as priests, caretakers, musicians, teachers, and judges highlight their unique position as servants of God and the people. Through their faithful service, the Levites facilitated the worship and adherence to the covenantal laws that defined the relationship between God and His chosen people.