Assignments by lot refer to the practice of making decisions or distributing responsibilities and inheritances through the casting of lots, a method frequently mentioned in the Bible. This practice is rooted in the belief that God sovereignly controls the outcome, ensuring His will is accomplished. The use of lots is seen as a means to seek divine guidance and to maintain fairness and impartiality in decision-making.

Old Testament Usage

The casting of lots is prominently featured in the Old Testament, particularly in the distribution of land among the tribes of Israel. In the Book of Joshua, lots were used to allocate the Promised Land to the twelve tribes. Joshua 18:10 states, "Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh in the presence of the LORD, and there he distributed the land to the Israelites according to their divisions" . This method ensured that the division of land was perceived as divinely ordained, preventing disputes among the tribes.

The priestly duties and temple service were also assigned by lot. In 1 Chronicles 24:5, the division of the priestly families for service in the temple was determined by casting lots: "They divided them impartially by drawing lots, for there were officials of the sanctuary and officials of God among the descendants of both Eleazar and Ithamar" . This practice underscored the belief that God directed the service of His temple.

New Testament Usage

In the New Testament, the casting of lots is notably mentioned in the selection of Matthias as an apostle to replace Judas Iscariot. Acts 1:26 records, "Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles" . This event highlights the early church's reliance on divine guidance in making significant decisions, trusting that God would reveal His choice through the lot.

Theological Significance

Theologically, the use of lots in the Bible underscores the sovereignty of God in the affairs of His people. It reflects a trust in God's providence and His ability to guide His people in making decisions that align with His will. The practice of casting lots is seen as an acknowledgment of human limitations in discerning God's will and a reliance on His divine intervention.

While the use of lots is not a common practice in contemporary Christian decision-making, the principle of seeking God's guidance remains central. The casting of lots in biblical times serves as a reminder of the importance of prayer, discernment, and trust in God's sovereign plan for His people.