The Archers of Kedar are mentioned in the context of biblical prophecy and historical accounts, primarily associated with the nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. Kedar, a descendant of Ishmael, is often referenced in the Old Testament as a symbol of the nomadic lifestyle and martial prowess, particularly in archery.

Biblical References:

1. Isaiah 21:16-17 : "For this is what the Lord has said to me: 'Within one year, as a hired worker would count it, all the glory of Kedar will come to an end. The remaining archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be few.' The LORD, the God of Israel, has spoken." This passage highlights a prophecy against Kedar, emphasizing the decline of its military strength, particularly its archers, who were renowned for their skill.

2. Jeremiah 49:28-29 : "Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck down, this is what the LORD says: 'Arise, go up to Kedar, and destroy the people of the East! They will take their tents and their flocks, their tent curtains and all their goods; they will carry off their camels as their own, and men will shout to them: Terror on every side!'" This passage describes the impending judgment and conquest of Kedar by Babylon, further illustrating the vulnerability of Kedar despite its martial reputation.

Historical and Cultural Context:

Kedar was one of the twelve sons of Ishmael, making the tribe a part of the larger Ishmaelite confederation. The Ishmaelites were known for their nomadic lifestyle, dwelling in tents and moving with their flocks across the Arabian deserts. The tribe of Kedar, in particular, gained a reputation for their skills in archery, a crucial aspect of warfare and hunting in the ancient Near East.

The archers of Kedar were not only significant in military terms but also in trade. The Arabian tribes, including Kedar, were involved in the incense and spice trade, which required protection from bandits and rival tribes. Their proficiency in archery would have been a valuable asset in safeguarding their caravans.

Symbolism and Theological Implications:

In the biblical narrative, Kedar often symbolizes the broader Gentile nations and their eventual subjugation to the will of God. The prophecies against Kedar serve as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all nations, regardless of their military might or cultural achievements. The decline of Kedar's archers, as foretold by the prophets, underscores the theme of divine judgment and the futility of relying solely on human strength.

The mention of Kedar and its archers in the Bible also reflects the broader theme of God's plan for the nations. While Kedar's military prowess is acknowledged, the ultimate message is one of submission to God's overarching purpose, which transcends national and ethnic boundaries.