Biblical Reference: Genesis 14:17-20

Context and Background:
Abram, later known as Abraham, is a central figure in the biblical narrative, revered as the patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Edomites, and Midianites. The encounter between Abram and Melchizedek occurs after a significant military victory. Abram had just returned from defeating Chedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, who had taken Abram's nephew Lot captive. This victory is pivotal as it establishes Abram's growing influence and God's favor upon him.

The Encounter:
The meeting between Abram and Melchizedek is brief yet profound, occurring in the Valley of Shaveh, also known as the King's Valley. Melchizedek, the king of Salem and a priest of God Most High, comes out to meet Abram. This encounter is recorded in Genesis 14:18-20 :

"Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High, and he blessed Abram and said:

'Blessed be Abram by God Most High,
Creator of heaven and earth,
and blessed be God Most High,
who has delivered your enemies into your hand.'

Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything."

Melchizedek:
Melchizedek is a mysterious figure in the biblical narrative. His name means "king of righteousness," and he is identified as the king of Salem, which is often associated with Jerusalem. As a priest of God Most High, Melchizedek's role is unique, as he predates the Levitical priesthood established later in the Mosaic Law. His offering of bread and wine and his blessing of Abram signify a priestly function that transcends the typical roles of kingship.

Theological Significance:
The encounter between Abram and Melchizedek holds deep theological implications. Melchizedek's blessing of Abram and the subsequent tithe given by Abram highlight the recognition of Melchizedek's priestly authority. This event is later referenced in the New Testament, particularly in the Book of Hebrews, where Melchizedek is seen as a type of Christ, representing an eternal priesthood (Hebrews 7:1-10).

Abram's Response:
Abram's response to Melchizedek's blessing is significant. By giving Melchizedek a tenth of everything, Abram acknowledges Melchizedek's priestly status and God's sovereignty in granting him victory. This act of tithing is one of the earliest recorded instances in the Bible and sets a precedent for the practice of giving a portion of one's earnings to God.

Cultural and Historical Context:
The meeting takes place in a period where city-states were common, and kings often held both political and religious authority. The figure of Melchizedek as both king and priest would have been understood within this context. Salem, identified with Jerusalem, was a significant city even in Abram's time, and its association with peace (as the name suggests) adds another layer to Melchizedek's identity.

Legacy and Interpretation:
The encounter between Abram and Melchizedek has been the subject of much interpretation and discussion throughout Jewish and Christian traditions. In Jewish tradition, Melchizedek is sometimes identified with Shem, the son of Noah, while in Christian theology, he is often seen as a prefiguration of Christ. The brevity of the account leaves much to the imagination, inviting readers to ponder the nature of Melchizedek's priesthood and its implications for understanding the relationship between God and humanity.