Numbers 5:24

He is to have the woman drink the bitter water that brings a curse, and it will enter her and cause her bitter suffering.

Study Bible

He is to make the woman drink
This phrase refers to the priest's role in the ritual described in Numbers 5, known as the "ordeal of jealousy." The Hebrew word for "make" (שָׁקָה, shakah) implies a deliberate action, emphasizing the priest's authority and responsibility in administering this test. Historically, this reflects the patriarchal structure of ancient Israelite society, where men held religious and legal authority. The act of drinking symbolizes submission to divine judgment, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament.

the bitter water
The "bitter water" (מֵי הַמָּרִים, mei hammarim) is a concoction of holy water and dust from the tabernacle floor. The bitterness signifies the potential curse and the gravity of the situation. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, similar ordeals were used to determine guilt or innocence, reflecting a common belief in divine intervention in justice. The bitterness also serves as a physical manifestation of the spiritual and emotional turmoil associated with sin and suspicion.

that brings a curse
The Hebrew word for "curse" (אָלָה, alah) indicates an oath or imprecation. This phrase underscores the seriousness of the ritual, as it invokes divine retribution upon the guilty. In the broader biblical context, curses are often seen as consequences of disobedience to God's commandments. This reflects the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, where blessings and curses are contingent upon faithfulness to the law.

and it will enter her
The phrase "enter her" (וּבָאָה בָהּ, uva'ah bah) suggests a deep, internal effect, indicating that the outcome of the ritual is not merely physical but also spiritual. This reflects the biblical understanding of the body and soul as interconnected. The entry of the water symbolizes the penetration of divine judgment into the innermost being, revealing truth and exposing hidden sin.

and cause bitter suffering
The Hebrew word for "suffering" (צָבָה, tzavah) can also mean swelling or distention, indicating a physical manifestation of the curse. This phrase highlights the potential consequences of sin and the seriousness of the accusation. In the broader scriptural context, suffering is often seen as a result of sin, but also as a means of purification and redemption. This duality reflects the biblical theme of justice tempered with mercy, where suffering can lead to repentance and restoration.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Priest
In Numbers 5:24, the priest plays a central role in administering the ritual of the bitter water. He acts as a mediator between God and the people, ensuring that the law is upheld.

2. The Woman
The woman in this passage is suspected of adultery. She undergoes a ritual to determine her guilt or innocence, highlighting the seriousness of marital fidelity in Israelite society.

3. The Bitter Water
This is a concoction used in the ritual to test the woman's faithfulness. It symbolizes the potential curse that could come upon her if she is guilty.

4. The Tabernacle
The setting for this event is the Tabernacle, the dwelling place of God among the Israelites, where sacred rituals and judgments are carried out.

5. The Curse
The curse is a divine judgment that would manifest physically if the woman is guilty, serving as a deterrent against infidelity.

Teaching Points

The Role of the Priest
The priest acts as a mediator, emphasizing the importance of spiritual leadership and accountability in the community.

The Seriousness of Marital Fidelity
This passage underscores the value God places on faithfulness in marriage, encouraging believers to uphold their marital vows.

Divine Justice and Mercy
While the ritual seems harsh, it reflects God's justice. However, it also points to the need for mercy and grace, as seen in the New Testament.

The Power of Symbols
The bitter water serves as a powerful symbol of the consequences of sin, reminding believers of the spiritual realities behind physical actions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the role of the priest in Numbers 5:24 inform our understanding of spiritual leadership today?

2. In what ways does the ritual of the bitter water reflect the seriousness with which God views marital fidelity?

3. How can we reconcile the justice seen in Numbers 5:24 with the mercy shown by Jesus in John 8:3-11?

4. What are some modern-day "bitter waters" that serve as reminders of the consequences of sin in our lives?

5. How can the principles found in Numbers 5:24 guide us in maintaining integrity and faithfulness in our relationships?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 20:10
This passage outlines the punishment for adultery, providing context for the seriousness of the accusation in Numbers 5:24.

John 8:3-11
The account of the woman caught in adultery in the New Testament offers a perspective on mercy and forgiveness, contrasting with the Old Testament law.

Proverbs 5:3-4
These verses warn against the allure of adultery, describing its consequences as bitter, similar to the bitter water in Numbers 5:24.