Numbers 35:13

The cities you select will be your six cities of refuge.

Study Bible

The cities
The term "cities" in this context refers to designated urban areas within the Promised Land. In ancient Israel, cities were not just places of residence but centers of community life, governance, and worship. The Hebrew word for city, "עִיר" (ir), often implies a fortified place, suggesting that these cities were secure and well-established. Historically, cities in ancient Israel were strategically located and served as hubs for trade and communication. The selection of cities for refuge underscores the importance of accessibility and protection within the community.

you select
The phrase "you select" indicates a deliberate choice made by the Israelites under divine guidance. The Hebrew root "בָּחַר" (bachar) means to choose or select, often implying a careful and thoughtful decision. This selection process reflects God's sovereignty and the responsibility of the Israelites to follow His commands. It emphasizes the active role of the community in establishing places of justice and mercy, aligning with God's will.

will be
The phrase "will be" signifies a future establishment and a divine promise. It indicates certainty and assurance that these cities will serve their intended purpose. In the Hebrew text, the verb form used here conveys a sense of inevitability and divine ordination. This reflects the faithfulness of God in providing for His people and ensuring that His laws are implemented.

your six cities
The specification of "six cities" is significant in biblical numerology, where the number six often represents imperfection or incompleteness, falling short of the divine number seven. However, in this context, the six cities are perfectly sufficient for their purpose, demonstrating God's provision. Historically, these cities were strategically distributed across the land to ensure accessibility for all Israelites, symbolizing God's justice and mercy being available to everyone.

of refuge
The term "refuge" comes from the Hebrew word "מִקְלָט" (miqlat), meaning a place of shelter or protection. These cities were established as sanctuaries for those who had committed unintentional manslaughter, providing them safety from the avenger of blood until a fair trial could be conducted. The concept of refuge is deeply rooted in the character of God as a protector and deliverer. Scripturally, these cities foreshadow the ultimate refuge found in Christ, who offers protection and salvation to all who seek Him. The cities of refuge illustrate God's justice tempered with mercy, providing a way for reconciliation and restoration within the community.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Cities of Refuge
These were designated places where individuals who had accidentally committed manslaughter could seek asylum. They were part of the Levitical cities and served as a means of protection and justice.

2. Levites
The tribe of Levi was responsible for the cities of refuge. They were set apart for religious duties and had no inheritance of land like the other tribes, but they were given cities to dwell in, including the cities of refuge.

3. Manslayer
This term refers to someone who has killed another person unintentionally. The cities of refuge provided a safe haven for such individuals until a fair trial could be conducted.

4. Avenger of Blood
In ancient Israelite society, this was a family member of the deceased who had the right to avenge the death. The cities of refuge protected the manslayer from this avenger until due process was followed.

5. Israelites
The people of Israel, to whom these laws were given, were to establish these cities as part of their justice system, reflecting God's concern for both justice and mercy.

Teaching Points

God's Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge illustrate God's balance of justice and mercy. While justice demands accountability, mercy provides protection and a chance for redemption.

The Role of Community
The establishment of these cities required the cooperation and obedience of the entire community, highlighting the importance of communal responsibility in upholding God's laws.

Christ as Our Refuge
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety for the manslayer, Christ offers us refuge from the consequences of sin. Believers can find safety and hope in Him.

The Importance of Due Process
The cities of refuge ensured that justice was not carried out hastily or unjustly. This teaches us the importance of fair and thorough processes in our own justice systems.

Protection for the Vulnerable
The provision of refuge for the manslayer underscores God's concern for protecting those who are vulnerable and ensuring they receive a fair trial.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the cities of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy, and how can we apply these principles in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the concept of the cities of refuge point to Jesus Christ as our ultimate refuge?

3. How can the principles behind the cities of refuge inform our understanding of justice and due process in today's society?

4. What role did the Levites play in the administration of the cities of refuge, and how does this relate to the responsibilities of spiritual leaders today?

5. How can we, as a community of believers, create environments that reflect the protection and fairness exemplified by the cities of refuge?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Joshua 20
This chapter provides further details on the establishment and purpose of the cities of refuge, emphasizing their role in the justice system of Israel.

Deuteronomy 19
This passage outlines the laws concerning the cities of refuge, including the criteria for determining whether a killing was accidental or intentional.

Hebrews 6
The concept of refuge is used metaphorically to describe the hope we have in Christ, who is our ultimate refuge and high priest.