Numbers 31:4

Send into battle a thousand men from each tribe of Israel."

Study Bible

Send into battle
The phrase "send into battle" indicates a divine command for action. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "שְׁלַח" (shalach), which means to send or dispatch. This is not merely a suggestion but a directive from God, emphasizing the seriousness and divine authority behind the mission. Historically, this reflects the theocratic nature of Israel, where God directly guided military actions. The Israelites were to act as instruments of divine justice, highlighting the belief that their battles were not just physical but spiritual engagements ordained by God.

a thousand men
The specification of "a thousand men" from each tribe underscores the organized and systematic approach to warfare in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for thousand, "אֶלֶף" (eleph), can also imply a military unit or clan, suggesting a well-structured force. This number signifies completeness and sufficiency, ensuring that the task at hand is adequately addressed. It reflects the communal responsibility of each tribe to contribute equally to the collective effort, symbolizing unity and shared purpose among the people of Israel.

from each tribe
The phrase "from each tribe" highlights the inclusive nature of the call to arms. The Hebrew term for tribe, "שֵׁבֶט" (shevet), refers to a branch or division of the nation, each with its own identity and leadership. This inclusion of all tribes signifies the collective identity and responsibility of the nation of Israel. It also serves as a reminder of the covenantal relationship between God and the entire nation, where each tribe plays a vital role in fulfilling divine mandates.

of Israel
The designation "of Israel" is crucial, as it identifies the people as descendants of Jacob, who was renamed Israel after wrestling with God. This name carries the connotation of being chosen and set apart for God's purposes. The historical context here is significant, as Israel is not just a political entity but a spiritual community bound by covenant with Yahweh. This identity as God's chosen people is central to their mission and actions, reinforcing their role as agents of divine will in the world.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who is following God's command to take vengeance on the Midianites for leading Israel into sin.

2. Israelite Tribes
The twelve tribes of Israel, each contributing a thousand men to the battle against the Midianites.

3. Midianites
A nomadic people who had led the Israelites into idolatry and immorality, prompting God's command for retribution.

4. Battle
The military engagement commanded by God as a form of divine justice against the Midianites.

Teaching Points

Obedience to Divine Command
The Israelites' response to God's command demonstrates the importance of obedience, even in difficult circumstances.

Consequences of Sin
The battle against the Midianites serves as a reminder of the serious consequences of sin and idolatry.

Unity Among Believers
The call for each tribe to contribute equally to the battle highlights the need for unity and collective responsibility among God's people.

Divine Justice
God's command for vengeance underscores His role as a just judge who addresses sin and protects His people.

Spiritual Warfare
This passage can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual battles Christians face, emphasizing the need for readiness and reliance on God's guidance.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command to send a thousand men from each tribe reflect the concept of unity and shared responsibility among the Israelites?

2. In what ways does the account of the Midianites serve as a warning against idolatry and immorality for believers today?

3. How can we apply the principle of obedience to God's commands in our daily lives, especially when faced with challenging situations?

4. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' preparation for battle that can be applied to our spiritual battles?

5. How does understanding the historical and familial background of the Midianites enhance our comprehension of this passage and its implications for Israel?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 25
Provides background on the Midianites, who are descendants of Abraham through Keturah, highlighting the complex familial relationships between the Israelites and Midianites.

Numbers 25
Details the sin of the Israelites with the Midianite women, which led to God's command for vengeance.

Deuteronomy 20
Offers laws regarding warfare, providing context for the Israelites' approach to battle and divine justice.

Judges 6-8
Describes later conflicts with the Midianites, showing the ongoing struggle between Israel and Midian.